Home⇛International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research⇛vol. 4 no. 1 (2023)

Employees Work Engagement: Correlations with Employee Personal Characteristics, Organizational Commitment and Workplace Happiness

Guinevere Yvonne G. Tugade

 

Abstract:

Using data collected from 76 employees of a manufacturing company in Manila, Philippines, this study conducted a correlation analysis to determine the relationship between the level of their engagement at work and their personal characteristics, organizational commitment in the workplace, and job satisfaction. A self-administered structured survey questionnaire was use in the survey. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive statistics to determine the mean scores, frequencies, and percentages, and parametric inferential statistics were employed to examine the correlations between variables. The results indicate a high level of employee work engagement and job satisfaction, as well as a moderate level of employee organizational commitment. Employee age, position and monthly salary were significantly correlated with employee work engagement. The level of employee engagement increases with age, position and income. Results also revealed a significant and strong positive correlation between the level of employee engagement and employee happiness at work. Implications for practices are offered.



References:

  1. Albdour, A. A., & Altarawneh, I. I. (2014). Employee engagement and organizational commitment: Evidence from Jordan. International journal of business, 19(2), 192–212. https://www.craig.csufresno.edu/ijb/Volumes/Volume%2019/V192-5.pdf
  2. Ananth, A. (2009). Impact of demographic factors on employee engagement: a study with reference to vasan publications private limited, chennai. University Library of Munich, Germany. https://mpra.ub.unimuenchen.de/39768/
  3. Avery, D. R., McKay, P. F., & Wilson, D. C. (2007). Engaging the aging workforce: The relationship between perceived age similarity, satisfaction with co-workers, and employee engagement. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92(6), 1542. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.92.6.1542
  4. Bakker, A. B., Schaufeli, W. B., Leiter, M. P., & Taris, T. W. (2008). Work engagement: An emerging concept in occupational health psychology. Work & Stress, 22(3), 187–200. https://doi.org/10.1080/02678370802393649
  5. Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2014). Job demands–resources theory. Well-being: A complete reference guide, 1-28. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118539415.wbwell019
  6. Bakker, A. B., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2008). Positive organizational behavior: Engaged employees in flourishing organizations. Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 29(2), 147-154. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.515
  7. Banihani, M., Lewis, P., & Syed, J. (2013). Is work engagement gendered? Gender in Management: An International Journal, 28(7), 400-423. https://doi.org/10.1108/GM-01-2013-0005
  8. Buckley, P., Viechnicki, P., & Barua, A. (2016). The 2016 Deloitte Millennial Survey: Winning over the next generation of leaders. Retrieved from https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/global/Documents/About-Deloitte/gx-millenial-survey-2016-exec-summary.pdf
  9. Davis, B. J. (2014). University Commitment: Test of a Three-Component Model (Doctoral dissertation, Minnesota State University, Mankato). https://cornerstone.lib.mnsu.edu/etds/342/
  10. Field, L. K., & Buitendach, J. H. (2011). Happiness, work engagement and organizational commitment of support staff at a tertiary education institution in South Africa. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 37(1), 01-10. https://journals.co.za/content/psyc/37/1/EJC89246
  11. Fredrickson, B. L., & Losada, M. F. (2005). Positive affect and the complex dynamics of human flourishing. American Psychologist, 60(7), 678-686. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0034435
  12. Goel, D., & Singh, M. (2015). Personality and employee happiness: A study of working women in Delhi/NCR. Indian Journal of Health & Wellbeing, 6(2). Retrieved from http://eds.b.ebscohost.com/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=0&sid=5db9232b-d11f-49ba-b6cc-0e1f16ad8e7d%40sessionmgr120
  13. Huang, H. (2016). Workplace happiness: Organizational role and the reliability of self-reporting (Doctoral dissertation, University of Maryland, College Park). https://drum.lib.umd.edu/handle/1903/18191
  14. James, J. B., McKechnie, S., & Swanberg, J. (2011). Predicting employee engagement in an age‐diverse retail workforce. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 32(2), 173-196. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.681
  15. Johnson, R. E., Chang, C. H., & Yang, L. Q. (2010). Commitment and motivation at work: The relevance of employee identity and regulatory focus. Academy of management review, 35(2), 226-245. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.35.2.zok226
  16. Kaur, S. (2017). Antecedents and Consequences of Employee Engagement: A Literature Review. IUP Journal of Organizational Behavior, 16(3), 7–32. https://www.ijltemas.in/DigitalLibrary/Vol.6Issue4/33-38.pdf
  17. Koyuncu, M., Burke, R. J., & Fiksenbaum, L. (2006). Work engagement among women managers and professionals in a Turkish bank: Potential antecedents and consequences. Equal Opportunities International, 25(4), 299–310. https://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/abs/10.1108/02610150610706276
  18. Ledford, G. (1999). Comment: Happiness and Productivity Revisited. Journal of Organizational Behavior,20(1), 25–30. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/3100200.
  19. Lee, S., & Olshfski, D. (2002). Employee Commitment and Firefighters: It's My Job. Public Administration Review, 62, 108-114. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3110180.
  20. Macey, W. H., & Schneider, B. (2008). The meaning of employee engagement. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 1(1), 3-30. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1754-9434.2007.0002.x
  21. Meyer, J. P., & Allen, N. J. (2004). TCM employee commitment survey academic users guide 2004. London, Ontario, Canada: The University of Western Ontario, Department of Psychology. Retrieved from http://employeecommitment.com/TCM-Employee-Commitment-Survey-Academic-Package-2004.pdf
  22. Meyer, J. P., & Herscovitch, L. (2001). Commitment in the workplace: Toward a general model. Human resource management review, 11(3), 299–326. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053-4822(00)00053-X
  23. Office of Research, Planning & Effectiveness (2012). Employee Engagement Survey. Northwestern Michigan College. Retrieved from https://www.nmc.edu/departments/orpe/research-and-data/surveys/2012-employee-engagement-report.pdf
  24. Ogbonnaya, C., Daniels, K., & Nielsen, K. (2017). Does contingent pay encourage positive employee attitudes and intensify work? Human Resource Management Journal, 27(1), 94–112. https://doi.org/10.1111/1748-8583.12130
  25. Oza, H. S. (2015). Does all dimensions of organizational commitment affect job satisfaction and job performance? (a case study of higher educational organizations). Clear international journal of research in commerce & management, 6(9), 21–24. Retrieved from http://eds.b.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=5&sid=be49d005-025e-4b14-99f93f814d7e63c0%40pdc-v-sessmgr02
  26. Prathiba, S. (2016). A Study on the Impact of Employee Empowerment and Employee Engagement on Organizational Commitment. SIES Journal Of Management, 12(2), 45–54. http://eds.b.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=7&sid=0161406a-19e9-46be-a1f0-c07ad61d8dbb%40pdc-v-sessmgr01
  27. Peters, R. (2015). Facing crucial career choices: intellectual challenge, job security, and opportunity for advancement contribute to employee happiness, but the ultimate prize may be a satisfactory salary. Pharmaceutical Technology Europe, (12). 18. Retrieved from http://tisztateritermekek.hu/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/PharmTech_Europe_2015-12.pdf
  28. Rego, A., & e Cunha, M. P. (2008). Authentizotic climates and employee happiness: Pathways to individual performance? Journal of Business Research, 61(7), 739–752. https://ac.elscdn.com/S0148296307002585/1-s2.0S0148296307002585-main.pdf?_tid=dab03a7f2cd2-49a8-a1ec-b0f680358017&acdnat=1548315997_22e600519cb240ba5dd384a528f20aa6
  29. Reynolds, P. D. (1986). Organizational culture as related to industry, position and performance: a preliminary report [1]. Journal of Management Studies, 23(3), 333–345. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.14676486.1986.tb00958.x
  30. Rich, B. L., Lepine, J. A., & Crawford, E. R. (2010). Job engagement: Antecedents and effects on job performance. Academy of management journal, 53(3), 617–635. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2010.51468988
  31. Rotich, R., Cheruiyot, T., & Korir, M. (2016). Effects of Demographics on the Relationship between Optimism and Work Engagement among Employees of State Agencies in Kenya. Journal of Resources Development and Management. 18, pp. 32–42. https://iiste.org/Journals/index.php/JRDM/article/view/29350/30139
  32. Saks, A. M. (2006). Antecedents and consequences of employee engagement. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 21(7), 600–619. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940610690169
  33. Scott, D., & McMullen, T. (2010). The Impact of Rewards Programs on Employee Engagement. https://www.worldatwork.org/docs/research-and-surveys/survey-brief-the-impact-of-rewards-programs-on-employee-engagement.pdf
  34. Schaufeli, W. B., & Bakker, A. B. (2004). Job demands, job resources, and their relationship with burnout and engagement: A multi‐sample study. Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 25(3), 293–315. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.248
  35. Schaufeli, W. B., Salanova, M., González-Romá, V., & Bakker, A. B. (2002). The measurement of engagement and burnout: A two sample confirmatory factor analytic approach. Journal of Happiness Studies, 3(1), 71–92. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1015630930326
  36. Schaufeli, W. B., Taris, T. W., & Van Rhenen, W. (2008). Workaholism, burnout, and work engagement: Three of a kind or three different kinds of employee well-being? Applied Psychology, 57(2), 173-203. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.14640597.2007.00285.x
  37. Silvestro, R. (2002). Dispelling the modern myth: Employee satisfaction and loyalty drive service profitability. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 22(1), 30-49. https://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/full/10.1108/01443570210412060
  38. Van De Voorde, K., Paauwe, J., & Van Veldhoven, M. (2012). Employee well-being and the HRM–organizational performance relationship: a review of quantitative studies. International Journal of Management Reviews, 14(4), 391-407. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.14682370.2011.00322.x
  39. Vorina, A., Simonič, M., & Vlasova, M. (2017). An Analysis of the Relationship Between Job Satisfaction and Employee Engagement. Economic Themes, 55(2), 243-262. https://doi.org/10.1515/ethemes-20170014
  40. Wiley, J. W. (2014). Using Employee Opinions about Organizational Performance to Enhance Employee Engagement Surveys: Model Building And Validation. People & Strategy, 36(4), 38-49. https://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A360357802/AONE?u=googlescholar&sid=AONE&xid=53593782
  41. Williams, P., Kern, M. L., & Waters, L. (2017). The Role and Reprocessing of Attitudes in Fostering Employee Work Happiness: An Intervention Study. Frontiersin Psychology, 8, 28. http://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00028.
  42. World Health Organization. (2010). Sex. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/topics/sexual_health/sh_definitions/en/.
  43. Wright, T. A., Cropanzano, R., & Bonett, D. G. (2007). The moderating role of positive employee well-being on the relation between job satisfaction and job performance. Journal of occupational health psychology, 12(2), 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/10768998.12.2.93
  44. Xanthopoulou, D., Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2009). Reciprocal relationships between job resources, personal resources, and work engagement. Journal of Vocational behavior, 74(3), 235-244. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2008.11.003
  45. Xu, J., & Cooper Thomas, H. (2011). How can leaders achieve high employee engagement? Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 32(4), 399-416. https://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/full/10.1108/01437731111134661
  46. Zimmer, S. (2017). Organizational Commitment. Organizational Commitment -- Research Starters Business, 1-5. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=e6h&AN=121501357&site=ehostlive

Tools


Copyright © 2024  KITE Digital Educational Solutions |  Exclusively distributed by CE-Logic