Proportion of Family Caregivers at Risk for Committing Elder Abuse in Metro Manila 2020

Danaleau  Baldono,; Jean Shann  Baguilat,; Mohammad Al-Gandhe  Azis,; Stephen Mathew  Baking,; Jasper  Bañaga,; Estelle Marina  Banzon,; Tifany Lou  Baraero,; Lizete Anne  Baratang,; Clarenz Kennedy  Barrios,; Jerome Joseph  Baseleres,; Maria Katrina  Basilio,

Proportion of Family Caregivers at Risk for Committing Elder Abuse in Metro Manila 2020

Abstract:

Introduction Abuse of the elderly exists as a problem in both developed and developing countries. It can be in the form of fnancial exploitation, abandonment, physical, psychological, or sexual abuse, and the most common perpetrators are their own caregivers. This study aimed to determine the proportion of family caregivers in Metro Manila at risk for committing elder abuse. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was employed and data collection was done via a Google Form online survey. It consisted of two parts, the Caregiver Abuse Screen (CASE) questionnaire and the Short Form Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI-12). Respondents were recruited by non-probability convenience sampling. Google Sheets was used for data encoding and analysis. Results The study found that 29.03% of family caregivers have a high risk of abuse. The risk of committing elder abuse was highest among 18 to 32 year-old caregivers, males, those with monthly income of less than PhP 7,890, and those with at least a college or postgraduate degree. Most of the respondents were also found to have no to mild burden. Conclusion The results of this study showed that there was a signifcant proportion of family caregivers at risk for elder abuse.

References:

1. WHO. Elder Abuse. [Internet]. n.d. [cited 2019 Oct 1]. Available from https://www.who.int/ageing/projects/elder_abuse/en/.

2. Orfila F, Coma-Solé M, Cabanas M, Cegri-Lombardo F, Moleras-Serra A, Pujol-Ribera E. Family caregiver mistreatment of the elderly: prevalence of risk and associated factors. BMC Public Health 2018 Jan 22; 18(1): 167. doi: 10.1186/s12889-018-5067-8

3. WHO. Chapter 5: Abuse of the elderly. [Internet] n.d. [cited 2019 Oct]. Available from: https://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/violence/global_campaign/en/chap5.pdf

4. Yon Y, Mikton CR, Gassoumis ZD, Wilber KH: Elder abuse prevalence in community settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Glob Health 2017 Feb; 5(2): e147-e156. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(17)30006-2

5. Koga C, Hanazato M, Tsuji T, Suzuki N, Kondo K. Elder abuse and social capital in older adults: The Japan gerontological evaluation study. Gerontology 2019 [cited 2019 Oct]; 1(11). doi: 10.1159/000502544

6. Sharma B. Elderly abuse: An emerging public health problem. Health Prospect 2012; 11: 57-60.

7. Sooryanarayana R, Choo WY, Hairi N. A review on the prevalence and measurement of elder abuse in the community. Trauma, Violence & Abuse 2013; 14(4): 316-25. doi: 10.1177/1524838013495963

8. WHO. Ageing and health. [Internet] 2018 Feb 5. [cited 2019 Oct]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ageing-and-health

9. Mohseni M, Rashedi V, Iranpour A, Tahami AN, Borhaninejad V. Prevalence of elder abuse and associated factors among community-dwelling older adults in Iran. J Elder Abuse Neglect 2019 [cited 2019 Oct]; 31(4-5): 363–72. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/336725218_Prevalence_of_elder_abuse_and_associated_factors_among_community-dwelling_older_adults_in_Iran

10. Acob JRU. Lived experiences of the abused elderly. Public Health of Indonesia. 2018 March; 4(1): 1-8.

11. Lino V, Rodrigues N, Lima I, Athie S, Souza E. Prevalence and factors associated with caregiver abuse of elderly dependents: The hidden face of family violence. Cien Saude Colet 2019; 24(1): 87-96. doi: 10.1590/1413-81232018241.34872016

12. Reis M, Nahmiash D. Validation of the Caregiver Abuse Screen (CASE). Canadian J Aging / La Revue Canadienne du vieillissement. 1995; 14(S2): 45-60. doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0714980800005584

13. Dong X (ed). Elder Abuse Research, Practice and Policy. (June 2020). [cited 2019 Oct] Retrieved from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/313962746_Screening_for_Elder_Abuse_Tools_and_Effectiveness

14. Carlos C. Concerns for the elderly in the Philippines. 1991. Retrieved on March 09, 2020 from: http://journals.upd.edu.ph/index.php/pssr/article/viewFile/1279/1616

15. Baguion MR, Bongosia CG, Macalisang A, Miquibas JL, Misa JF, Ogie Ycoy OG. Caregiver’s Degree of Burden and Emotional Support in Caring for Elderly in Ramon Durano Foundation Inc., Brgy. Guinsay, Danao City: Proposed Guidelines to Strengthen Emotional Support. 2012. In: Herdin [Internet]. Mandaue City. Available from: http://www.herdin.ph/index.php/component/herdin/?view=research&cid=45749

16. Higginson IJ, Gao W, Jackson D, Murray J, Harding R. Short-form Zarit Caregiver Burden Interviews were valid in advanced conditions. J Clin Epidemiol 2010 May; 63(5): 535-42. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.06.014

17. Gratão A, Brigola A, Ottaviani A, Luchesi B, Souza É, Rossetti E, Oliveira N, Terassi M, Pavarini S. Brief version of Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) for burden assessment in older caregivers. Dementia & Neuropsychologia 2019; 13(1): 122-9. doi: 10.1590/1980-57642018dn13-010015

18. Johannesen M, LoGiudice D. Elder abuse: a systematic review of risk factors in community-dwelling elders. Age Ageing 2013 May; 42(3): 292-8. doi: 10.1093/ageing/afs195

19. Acierno R, et al. Prevalence and correlates of emotional, physical, sexual, and financial abuse and potential neglect in the United States: The National Elder Mistreatment Study. [Internet]. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2804623/

20. Pillemer K, Burnes D, Riffin C, Lachs MS. Elder abuse: global situation, risk factors, and prevention strategies. Gerontologist 2016 Apr; 56 (Suppl 2): S194-205. doi:10.1093/geront/gnw004

21. Lino VTS, Rodrigues NCP, Lima IS, Athie S, Souza ER. Prevalence and factors associated with caregiver abuse of elderly dependents: The hidden face of family violence. Cien Saude Colet 2019 Jan;24(1):87-96. Portuguese, English. doi: 10.1590/1413-81232018241.34872016

22. Ivey SL, Laditka SB, Price AE, Tseng W, Beard RL, Liu R, Fetterman D, Wu B, Logsdon RG. Experiences and concerns of family caregivers providing support to people with dementia: a cross-cultural perspective. Dementia (London). 2013 Nov; 12(6): 806-20. doi: 10.1177/1471301212446872

23. Cleveland Clinic. Caregiver Bur nout. [Inter net] Retrieved from https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9225-caregiver-burnout

24. John Hopkins Medicine. Causes and Symptoms of Caregiver Burnout. [Internet] Retrieved from https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/about/community_health/johns-hopkins-bayview/services/called_to_care/causes_symptoms_caregiver_burnout.html

25. Kohn R, Verhoek-Oftedahi W. Caregiving and elder abuse. Med Health R I 2011 Feb; 94(2): 47–49. PMCID: PMC4961478

26. Kaur J, Kaur J, Sujata N. Comparative study on perceived abuse and social neglect among rural and urban geriatric population. 2015 Dec. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4711237

27. Gaikwad V, Sudeepa D, Madhukumar S. A community based study on elder abuse and depression in Bangalore Rural. Retrieved from https://bioinfopublication.org/viewhtml.php?artid=BIA0001047

28. Gérain P, Zech E. Infor mal Caregiver Burnout? Development of a theoretical framework to understand the impact of caregiving. Front Psychol 2019 Jul 31;10:1748.

doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01748

29. Cross AJ, Garip G, Sheffield D. The psychosocial impact of caregiving in dementia and quality of life: a systematic review and meta-synthesis of qualitative research. Psychol Health 2018 Nov; 33(11): 1321-42. doi:10.1080/08870446.2018.1496250.

30. Hubbell L, Hubbell K. The burnout risk for male caregivers in providing care to spouses afflicted with Alzheimer’s disease. J Health Hum Serv Adm 2002 Summer; 25(1): 115-32. PMID: 15137571.