HomeJPAIR Institutional Research Journalvol. 19 no. 2 (2022)

Implications of Flexible Learning to Politics and Economics of Educational Management

JUVELYN V. SALVADOR

Discipline: Education

 

Abstract:

This study determined the impact of flexible learning on the politics and economics of educational management. This was conducted to unveil challenges and opportunities encountered by teachers, their implications on the politics and economics of educational administration, and proposed solutions. This was shown on all nine secondary school principals in Zone 3, Division of Catanduanes, Philippines using mixed methods with complete enumeration. The “serious problems” dealt with challenges of the scarcity of supplies and more time printing modules (3.67%), monitoring student’s learning on the difficulty in validating performance (3.89%), difficulty in tracking students (3.78%), and teacher’s health risk (3.56%); retrieval of modules like late submission; checking and evaluating on the difficulty in validating performance and low passing rate. For feedbacking, poor internet connection, and poor parental support. The opportunities for teachers are quality time with family, good savings, and sound health, and very less on developing professionalism like innovating and improving expertise in ICT. The conclusions drawn were the majority are “aged professionals” who do not prioritize higher studies”; 11 years more in service, and most participated in “division level trainings” only. The impact on economics reveals a scarcity of resources that caused teachers to spend personal money; capital outlay funds were spent on printing machines. For politics, it forged strong partnerships among stakeholders for support from LGU and community and private organizations.



References:

  1. Abisado, M. B., Unico, M. G., Umoso, D. G., Manuel, F. E., & Barroso, S. S. (2020). A flexible learning framework implementing asynchronous course delivery for Philippine local colleges and universities. International Journal9(1.3).
  2. Agapito, J. J., & Japos, G. (2021). The Satisfaction Level of Undergraduate Engineering Students on Distance Learning Amidst COVID-19. JPAIR Multidisciplinary Research45(1), 139–156.
  3. Alexander, S. (2010). Flexible learning in higher education.
  4. Al-Ghoweri, J. A., & Al-Zboun, M. S. (2021). The Extent of the Impact of Blended Learning on Developing Habits of Mind from the Standpoint of Students of Learning and Scientific Research Skills Course at the University of Jordan. International Journal of Higher Education10(4), 196-206.
  5. Anderton, R. S., Vitali, J., Blackmore, C., & Bakeberg, M. C. (2021, January). Flexible teaching and learning modalities in undergraduate science amid the COVID-19 pandemic. In Frontiers in Education (Vol. 5, p. 609703). Frontiers Media SA.
  6. Andrade, M. S., & Alden-Rivers, B. (2019). Developing a framework for sustainable growth of flexible learning opportunities. Higher Education Pedagogies4(1), 1-16.
  7. Anwar, I. W., & Wahid, J. H. (2021). Learners' perception on online learning implementation during covid-19 pandemic. Journal of Languages and Language Teaching9(2), 126-138.
  8. Araiz, J. (2018). Profile and Level of Competence of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Coordinators among Secondary Schools in the Division of Davao del Sur. JPAIR Multidisciplinary Research32(1), 124–148.
  9. Barbu, A., Popescu, M. A. M., & Moiceanu, G. (2022). The Perspective of teachers and students towards the education process during COVID-19 in Romanian universities. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health19(6), 3409.
  10. Barrera, K. I., Jaminal, B., & Arcilla, F. (2020). Readiness for flexible learning amidst COVID-19 pandemic of Saint Michael College of Caraga, Philippines. SMCC Teacher Education Journal2, 1-15.
  11. Batanero, J. M. F., Rueda, M. M., Cerero, J. F., & Tadeu, P. (2022). Online education in higher education: emerging solutions in crisis times. Heliyon, e10139.
  12. Batanero, J. M. F., Rueda, M. M., Cerero, J. F., & Tadeu, P. (2022). Online education in higher education: emerging solutions in crisis times. Heliyon, e10139.
  13. Brackett, M., Cannizzaro, M., & Levy, S. (2020). The pandemic’s toll on school leaders is palpable. Here’s the need for a successful school year. Ed Surge.
  14. Brivio, F., Fagnani, L., Pezzoli, S., Fontana, I., Biffi, L., Mazzaferro, A. D., ... & Greco, A. (2021). School health promotion at the time of COVID-19: An exploratory investigation with school leaders and teachers. European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology, and Education11(4), 1181-1204.
  15. Butnaru, G. I., Niță, V., Anichiti, A., & Brînză, G. (2021). The effectiveness of online education during covid- 19 pandemic—a comparative analysis between the perceptions of academic students and high school students from romania. Sustainability13(9), 5311.
  16. Capinding, A. T. (2022). Impact of Modular Distance Learning on High School Students Mathematics Motivation, Interest/Attitude, Anxiety and Achievement during the COVID-19 Pandemic. European Journal of Educational Research11(2), 917-934.
  17. Capone, R., De Caterina, P., & Mazza, G. A. G. (2017). Blended learning, flipped classroom and virtual environment: challenges and opportunities for the 21st century students. Edulearn17 Proceedings, 10478-10482.
  18. Castroverde, F., & Acala, M. (2021). Modular distance learning modality: Challenges of teachers in teaching amid the Covid-19 pandemic. International Journal of Research Studies in Education10(8), 7-15.
  19. Cortes, S. T. (2020). Flexible learning as an instructional modality in environmental science course during COVID-19. Aquademia4(2), ep20024.
  20. Cuisia-Villanueva, M. C., & Núñez, J. L. (2021). A study on the impact of socioeconomic status on emergency electronic learning during the coronavirus lockdown. FDLA Journal6(1), 6.
  21. Dabu, F. (2022). UP adopts “blended learning” for AY 2022-2023. University of the Philippineshttps://up.edu.ph/up-adapts-blended-learning-for-ay-2022-2023/
  22. Dakduk, S., Santalla-Banderali, Z., & van der Woude, D. (2018). Acceptance of Blended Learning in Executive Education. SAGE Open, 8(3).
  23. Dangle, Y. R. P., & Sumaoang, J. D. (2020, November). The implementation of modular distance learning in the Philippine secondary public schools. In 3rd International Conference on Advanced Research in Teaching and Education (Vol. 100, p. 108).
  24. Dargo, J., & Dimas, M. (2021). Modular distance learning: Its effect in the academic performance of learners in the new normal. Journal of Education, Teaching and Learning6(2), 204-208.
  25. Dayagbil, F. T., Palompon, D. R., Garcia, L. L., & Olvido, M. M. J. (2021, July). Teaching and learning continuity amid and beyond the pandemic. In Frontiers in Education (Vol. 6, p. 678692). Frontiers Media SA.
  26. Demir-Yildiz, C., & Tatik, R. S. (2019). Impact of Flexible and Non-Flexible Classroom Environments on Learning of Undergraduate Students. European Journal of Educational Research8(4), 1159-1173.
  27. Doucet, A., Netolicky, D., Timmers, K., & Tuscano, F. J. (2020). Thinking about Pedagogy in an unfolding pandemic: An independent report on approaches to distance learning during COVID19 school closures. Education International.
  28. Dziuban, C., Graham, C. R., Moskal, P. D., Norberg, A., & Sicilia, N. (2018). Blended Learning: The New Normal and Emerging Technologies. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education15, 1-16.
  29. Eagly, A. H., Johannesen-Schmidt, M. C., & Van Engen, M. L. (2003). Transformational, transactional, and laissez-faire leadership styles: a meta-analysis comparing women and men. Psychological bulletin129(4), 569.
  30. Gocotano, T. E., Jerodiaz, M. A. L., Banggay, J. C. P., Nasibog, H. B. R., & Go, M. B. (2021). Higher Education Students' Challenges on Flexible Online Learning Implementation in the Rural Areas: A Philippine Case. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research20(7), 262-290.
  31. Goel, G. (2022, December 2). Impact of Hybrid Learning on new and skill-based learning. Times of India Blog. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/voices/impact-of-hybrid-learning-on-new-and-skill-based-learning/
  32. Gossenheimer, A. N., Bem, T., Carneiro, M. L. F., & de Castro, M. S. (2017). Impact of distance education on academic performance in a pharmaceutical care course. PloS one12(4), e0175117.
  33. Herrera, A. B., Bersano, M. S., & Idul, R. G. R. (2021). Readiness of Students in Flexible Learning Modality: A Convergent Parallel Mixed-Methods 
  34. Study. International Journal of Asian Education2(4), 514-530.
  35. Kariippanon, K. E., Cliff, D. P., Ellis, Y. G., Ucci, M., Okely, A. D., & Parrish, A. M. (2021). School flexible learning spaces, student movement behavior and educational outcomes among adolescents: A mixed‐methods systematic review. Journal of School Health91(2), 133-145.
  36. Keoy, K. H., Thong, C. L., Cherukuri, A. K., Koh, Y. J., Chit, S. M., Lee, L., Genaro, J., & Kwek, C. L. (2022). An Investigation on the Impact of Technological Enablement on the Success of Entrepreneurial Adoption Among Higher Education Students: A Comparative Study. Journal of Information &Amp; Knowledge Management.
  37. Kintu, M. J., Zhu, C., & Kagambe, E. (2017). Blended learning effectiveness: the relationship between student characteristics, design features and outcomes. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education14(1), 1-20.
  38. Kumar, A., Sarkar, M., Davis, E., Morphet, J., Maloney, S., Ilic, D., & Palermo, C. (2021). Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on teaching and learning in health professional education: a mixed methods study protocol. BMC Medical Education21(1), 1-7.
  39. Mobo, F. D., & Sabado, G. O. (2019). An assessment of the effectiveness of e-learning in AMA Olongapo Campus. Oriental Journal of Computer Science and Technology12(3), 99-105.
  40. Mu, E., Florek-Paszkowska, A., & Pereyra-Rojas, M. (2022). Development of a Framework to Assess Challenges to Virtual Education in an Emergency Remote Teaching Environment: A Developing Country Student Perspective—The Case of Peru. Education Sciences12(10), 704.
  41. Müller, C., Stahl, M., Alder, M., & Müller, M. (2018). Learning effectiveness and students' perceptions in a flexible learning course. European Journal of Open, Distance and E-Learning21(2), 44-52.
  42. Nardo, M. T. B. (2017). Modular instruction enhances learner autonomy. American Journal of Educational Research5(10), 1024-1034.
  43. Novikova, I. A., Bychkova, P. A., & Novikov, A. L. (2022). Attitudes towards Digital Educational Technologies among Russian University Students before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Sustainability14(10), 6203.
  44. Pokhrel, S., & Chhetri, R. (2021). A literature review on impact of COVID-19 pandemic on teaching and learning. Higher education for the future8(1), 133-141.
  45. Rahman, M. H. A., Uddin, M. S., & Dey, A. (2021). Investigating the mediating role of online learning motivation in the COVID‐19 pandemic situation in Bangladesh. Journal of computer assisted learning37(6), 1513-1527.
  46. Redoblo, C. (2015). Blended Learning Approach: A Case Study. JPAIR Multidisciplinary Research22(1), 134–148. 
  47. Rosli, M. S., Saleh, N. S., Md. Ali, A., Abu Bakar, S., & Mohd Tahir, L. (2022). A Systematic Review of the Technology Acceptance Model for the Sustainability of Higher Education during the COVID-19 Pandemic and Identified Research Gaps. Sustainability14(18), 11389.
  48. Salvador, J. (2017). Reading and Writing Competence of Grade 9 Students in Bagamanoc Rural Development High School: Unpublished Master’s Thesis, Catanduanes State University, Virac, Catanduanes.
  49. Salvador, R. (2015). Teaching Music in the Elementary Level: Unpublished Master’s Thesis, Catanduanes State University, Virac, Catanduanes.
  50. Sarkar, M., Kumar, A., Ilic, D., Morphet, J., Maloney, S., Davis, E., & Palermo, C. E. (2021). Adapting to remote health professional education during the COVID-19 pandemic: Student and academic perspectives. In Australian & New Zealand Association for Health Professional Educators Conference 2021.
  51. Smith, K., & Hill, J. (2019). Defining the nature of blended learning through its depiction in current research. Higher Education Research & Development38(2), 383-397.
  52. Takeuchi, H., Napier-Raman, S., Asemota, O., & Raman, S. (2022). Identifying vulnerable children’s stress levels and coping measures during COVID-19 pandemic in Japan: a mixed method study. BMJ Paediatrics Open6(1).
  53. Tartaglia, A. M. (2020). The Potential Impact of Online Learning on Economically Disadvantaged Students. 
  54. Tominez, B., & Dela Cruz, L. (2015). Predictors of Outstanding Performance of Basic Education Teachers. JPAIR Multidisciplinary Research19(1), 110–132.
  55. Turan, Z., Kucuk, S., & Cilligol Karabey, S. (2022). The university students’ self-regulated effort, flexibility, and satisfaction in distance education. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education19(1), 1-19.
  56. Ulanday, M. L., Centeno, Z. J., Bayla, M. C., & Callanta, J. (2021). Flexible learning adaptabilities in the new normal: E-learning resources, digital meeting platforms, online Learning Systems and Learning Engagement. Asian Journal of Distance Education16(2).
  57. Valtonen, T., Leppänen, U., Hyypiä, M., Kokko, A., Manninen, J., Vartiainen, H., ... & Hirsto, L. (2021). Learning environments preferred by university students: A shift toward informal and flexible learning environments. Learning Environments Research24, 371-388.
  58. Verde, A., & Valero, J. M. (2021). Teaching and learning modalities in higher education during the pandemic: responses to coronavirus disease 2019 From Spain. Frontiers in Psychology12, 648592.
  59. Wang, Yuping & Han, X. & Yang, Juan. (2015). Revisiting the Blended Learning Literature: Using a Complex Adaptive Systems Framework. Educational Technology and Society. 18. 380-393.
  60. Wendorf, S., & Posts, V. A. (2020). Theories Supporting Blended Learning (Blended Learning Practice MOOC 1.2). Ideations of an Instructional Designer. http://bit.ly/3IHgI2v
  61. Wibowo, U. B., Wijayanti, W., Jabar, C. S. A., Utari, R., & Rahmat, B. (2021). Can Strengthening Training for School Principals Improve Their Performance? Udik Budi Wibowo, Wiwik Wijayanti, Cepi Safruddin Abdul Jabar, R. KnE Social Sciences, 612-620.
  62. Ypsilandis, G. S. (2002). Feedback in distance education. Computer Assisted Language Learning15(2), 167-181.