HomePsychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journalvol. 1 no. 3 (2022)

The Physical and Mental Health of Learners Doing Online Learning During the Pandemic

Jewel Doreen Lemana

Discipline: Education

 

Abstract:

During this pandemic, all activities that can cause mass crowds has been halted intending to prevent the spread of corona virus disease. For this reason, most learning institutions has opted for online learning just to keep the education of students still continuous, yet with little to no consideration as to how this setting will affect their health. Most studies have been focused on the mental health alone of the learners and discarding other aspect such as physical health. This quantitative study aims to determine the physical and mental health of students doing online learning at Western Mindanao State University utilizing the Short Form Health Survey. It also looked whether there is a significant difference between the physical and mental health of the respondents when grouped according to their age, gender, civil status, and year level. According to results, students are found to have low percentage of their overall physical and mental health. In addition, when respondents were grouped according to gender, civil status, and age, no significant difference found between these demographics and respondents’ physical and mental health. Finally, the result presented that the physical and mental health of respondents and their year level showed significant difference.



References:

  1. (n.d.). Retrieved from American Optometric Association: https://www.aoa.org/healthy-eyes/eys-and-vision-conditions/comput er-vision-syndrome?sso=y
  2. Atl, S., Gunuc, S., Kuss, D., & Baran, G. (2019). Impact of parents' technology use on 18- to24- month old infants' adaptive behaviors. Adaptive Behavior, 27(3), 197-219. doi:10.1177/1059712319845340
  3. Balram, A. (2020, April 20). How online learning can affect student health. Retrieved from https://www.jhunewsletter.com/article/2020/04/how-online-learning -can-affect-student-health
  4. Barrot, J., Llenares, I., & del Rosario, L. (2021). Students' online learning challenges during the pandemic and how they cope with them: The case of the Philippines. Education and Information Technologies, 26, 7321-7338. doi:10.1007/s10639-021-10589-x
  5. Berg, G., & Simonson, M. (2021). Distance Learning. Retrieved from Distance Learning: https://www.britannica.com/topic/distance-learning
  6. Braden, H., Koshuta, J., & Chapel, L. (2021, October 23). Study.com. Retrieved from What is Physical Health?: https://study.com/learn/lesson/what-is-physical-health.html
  7. Cocquyt, C., Zhu, C., Diep, A., Greef, M., & Vanwing, T. (2019). Towards Blended Learning Designs Fostering Adults' Social Capital: What Do Empirical Findings Reveal? In Ubiquitous Inclusive Learning in a Digital Era (pp. 55-80). Brussel, Belgium: IGI Global. doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-6292-4.ch003
  8. Connection Between Mental and Physical Health. (2021). Retrieved from Canadian Mental Health Association: https://ontario.cmha.ca/documents/connection-between-mental-andphysical-health/
  9. Cook, R. (2011). Lessons Learned From Semiotics: Social and Cultural Landmarks for Transformative Elearning. In Transformative Online Education and Liberation (pp. 352-369). USA: IGI Global. doi:10.4018/978-1-60960-046-4.ch019
  10. Dagwasi, C. & Opiniano, G. (2020). No Filipino learners left behind: Anticipating health risks and remedies of online learning. Elsevier. doi:doi.org/10.1016/j.puhip.2020.100062 data, w. c. (2021, september 19).
  11. Dhawan, S. (2020). Online Learning: A Panacea in the Time of COVID-19 Crisis. Journal of Educational Technology Systems, 49(1), 5-22. doi:doi.org/10.1177/0047239520934018
  12. Dhull, I., & Sakshi, MS. (2017). Online Learning. International Education & Research Journal, 3(8), 32-33. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332833360_Online_Learni ng
  13. Duraku, Z. & Hoxha, L. (2020). The impact of Covid-19 on education and on the well-being of teachers, parents, and students: Challenges related to remote (online) learning and opportunities for advancing the quality of education.
  14. EDUCAUSE . (2021). Retrieved from https://library.educause.edu/topics/teaching-and-learning/online-lear ning
  15. Evans, R., Fawole, H., Sheriff, S., Dall, P., Grant, P., & Ryan, C. (2012). Point-of-choice prompts to reduce sitting time at work. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 43(3), 293-297. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2012.05.010
  16. Felman, A. (2020, April 19). What is good health? Retrieved from Medical News Today: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/150999#types
  17. Felman, A. (2020, April 13). What is mental health? Retrieved from Medical News Today: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/154543
  18. Harjule, P., Rahman , A., & Agarwal, B. (2021). A cross-sectional study of anxiety, stress, perception and mental health towards online learning of school children in India during COVID-19. ournal of Interdisciplinary Mathematics, 24(2), 411-424. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1080/09720502.2021.1889780
  19. How Does Mental Health Affect Physical Health. (2021, March 29). Retrieved from WebMD: https://www.webmd.com/mental-health/how-does-mental-health-aff ect-physical-health
  20. Irawan, A., Dwisona, & Lestari , M. (2020). Psychological Impacts of Students on Online Learning During the Pandemic COVID-19. Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling, 7(1), 53-60. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.24042/kons.v7i1.6389
  21. Jiang, W., Luo, J., & Guan, H. (2021). Gender Differences in the Relationship of Physical Activity and Subjective Happiness Among Chinese University Students. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 1-6. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.800515
  22. Kai, M. (2019). A New Approach for Language Learning and Changing the Teacher's Role in Online Education. In Faculty Roles and Changing Expectations in the New Age (pp. 1-17). Guam: IGI Global. doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-7438-5.ch001
  23. Kaya, H. (2020). Investigation of the effect of online education on eye health in Covid-19. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education, 7(3), 488-496. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.21449/ijate.788078
  24. Kim, H., Park, K., & Park, S. (2021). Gender Differences in Lifestyle and Mental Health among Senior High School Students in South Korea. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 1-13. doi:10.3390/ijerph182010746
  25. Kurtus, R. (2021). What is Physical Health. Retrieved from School for champions: www.school-for-champions.com/health/what_is_health.htm
  26. Laguardia, J., Campos, M., Travassos, C., Najar, A., Anjos, L., & Vasconcellos, M. (2013). Brazilian normative data for the Short Form 36 questionnaire, version 2. Brazilian Journal of Epidemiology, 16(4), 889-897. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1590/S1415-790X2013000400009
  27. Latas, M., Stojkovic, T., Ralic, T., Ralic, T., M. Jovanovic, S., Spiric, Z., & Milovanovic, S. (2014). Medical students' healthrelated quality of life - A comparative study. Vojnosanitetski Pregled, 71(8), 751-756. doi:10.2298/VSP1408751L
  28. Lawrence, S., Garcia, J., Stewart, S., & Rodriguez, C. (2021). The mental and behavioral health impact of COVID-19 stay at home orders on social work students. The International Journal, 1-15. doi:10.1080/02615479.2021.1883582
  29. Lim, D., Morris, M., & Kupritz, V. (2007). Online vs. blended learning: differences in instructional outcomes and learning satisfaction. Journal of Asynchronous Learning Network, 10(4), 27-42. Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ842695.pdf
  30. Lins, L., Carvalho, F., & Damasceno, H. (2015). Health-related quality of life of students from a private medical school in Brazil. International Journal of Medical Education, 6, 149-154. doi:10.5116/ijme.563a.5dec
  31. Mangis, J. (2016). Online learning and the effects on functional health: a pilot study. EWU Masters Thesis Collection, 1-37. Retrieved from http://dc.ewu.edu/theses/386
  32. Mental Health: strengtheningour response. (2018, March 30). Retrieved from World Health Organization: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/mental-health-stre ngthening-our-response
  33. Minutillo, S., Cleary, M., & Visentin, D. (2020). The Mental Health of Online Learners within the Educational Sector. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 1-3. doi:10.1080/01612840.2020.1776552
  34. Moore, J. L., Dickson-Deane, C., & Galyen, K. (2011). E-learning, online learning, and distance learning environments: are they the same? Internet and Higher Education, 129-135.
  35. Moore, J., Dickson-Deane, C., & Galyen, K. (2011). E-learning, online learning, and distnace learning environments: are they the same? The Internet and Higher Education, 14(2), 129-135. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2010.10.001
  36. Nishat, N. (2021). What Does Physical Health Mean? Retrieved from The World Book: https://theworldbook.org/physical-health/
  37. Oducado, R., Parreno-Lachica, G., & Rabacal, J. (2021). Personal resilience and its influence on COVID-19 stress, anxiety and fear among graduate students in the Philippines. International Journal of Educational Research and Innovation, 15, 431-443. doi:10.46661/ijeri.5484
  38. Organization, W. H. (2002, April 4). Retrieved from Physical inactivity a leading cause of disease and disabilty, warns WHO: https://www.who.int/news/item/04-04-2002-physical-inactivity-a-lea ding-cause-of-disease-and-disability-warnswho#:~:text=Sedentary%20lifestyles%20increase%20all%20causes, lipid%20disorders%2C%20depression%20and%20anxiety
  39. Paro, H., Morales, N., Silva, C., Rezende, C., Pinto, R., Morales, R., Mendonca, T., & Prado, M. (2010). Health-related quality of life of medical students. Medical Education, 44, 227-235. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2923.2009.03587.x
  40. Physical Activity, Fitness , and Physical Education: Effects on Academic Performnace . (2013, October 4). Washington , DC, United States: National Academies Press. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK201501
  41. Physical health and mental health. (2021, July 9). Retrieved from Mental Health Foundation: https://www.mentalhealth.org.uk/a-t-z/p/physical-health-and-mentalhealth
  42. Pragholapati, A. (2020). COVID-19 IMPACT ON STUDENTS.
  43. Prowse, R., Sherratt, F., Abizaid, A., Gabrys, R., Hellemans, K., Patterson, Z., & McQuaid, R. (2021). Coping With the COVID-19 Pandemic: Examining Gender Differences in Stress and Mental Health Among University Students. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12, 1-11. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.650759
  44. Ro, A., Rodriguez, V., & Enriquez, L. (2021). Physical and mental health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic among college students who are undocumented or have undocumented parents. BMC Public Health, 1-10. doi:10.1186/s12889-021-11606-x
  45. Rosenbaum, S. & Newby, J. (2020, May 27). What are the characteristics of strong mental health. Retrieved from UNSW Sydney: https://newsroom.unsw.edu.au/news/health/what-are-characteristicsstrong-mental-health
  46. Rotas, E. & Cahapay, M. (2020). Difficulties in Remote Learning: Voices of Philippine University Students in the Wake of COVID-19 Crisis. Asian Journal of Distance Learning, 15(2), 147-158. doi:doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4299835
  47. Singh, V., & Thurman, A. (2019). How Many Ways Can We Define Online Learning? A Systematic Literature Review of Definitions of Online Learning (1988-2018). American Journal of Distance Education, 33(4), 289-306. doi:10.1080/08923647.2019.1663082
  48. Son, C., Hegde, S., Smith, A., Wang, C., & Sasangohar, F. (2020). Effects of COVID-19 on College Students’ Mental Health in the United States: Interview Survey Study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 22(9). doi:10.2196/21279
  49. Tamm, S. (2020, December 21). What is E-learning? Retrieved from https://e-student.org/what-is-e-learning/
  50. The Link Between Physical and Mental Health. (2019, March 7). Retrieved from Hillside: https://hside.org/link-between-physical-and-mental-health/
  51. U.S. Department of Education, O. o. (2010). Evaluation of Evidence-Based Practices in Online Learning: A Meta-Analysis and Review of Online Learning Studies. Washington. Retrieved from www.ed.gov/about/offices/list/opepd/ppss/reports.html.
  52. Upadhaya, R. (2017, August 19). Characteristics of a physically healthy person. Retrieved from India Study Channel: https://www.indiastudychannel.com/resources/172286-Characteristi cs-of-a-physically-healthy-person.aspx
  53. Wanjohi, A. (2012, December 13). Characteristics of Good Health. Retrieved from Kenpro: http://www.kenpro.ord/characteristics-of-good-health/
  54. What is mental health? (2021, June 28). Retrieved from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: https://www.cdc.gov/mentalhealth/learn/index.htm Jewel Doreen Lemana 223/223
  55. Wiles, G. (2020, July 30). Students share impact of online classes on their mental health. Retrieved from https://statenews.com/article/2020/07/students-share-impact-of-onlin e-classes-on-their-mentalhealth?ct=content_open&cv=cbox_featured
  56. Yaghi, A. (2021). Impact of online education on anxiety and stress among undergraduate public affairs students: A longitudinal study during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Public Affairs Education, 1-18. doi:10.1080/15236803.2021.1954469
  57. Yang, K. & Kang, Y. (2020). What Can College Teachers Learn From Students' Experimental Narratives in Hybrid Courses? A Text Mining Method of Longitudinal Data. In Theoretical and Practical Approaches to Innovation in Higher Education (pp. 91-112). El Paso, Texas: IGI Global. doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-1662-1.ch006