HomePsychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journalvol. 4 no. 5 (2022)

Achievement, Power, Affiliation, and Job Satisfaction of Mathematics Teachers

Jan Rey Provido

Discipline: Education

 

Abstract:

This study was conducted to determine the predictor variables of job satisfaction of mathematics teachers as either achievement, power, or affiliation. The one hundred (100) randomly selected secondary mathematics teachers teaching in the First District of Iloilo for the school year 2019-2020 served as the respondents of the study. The data were obtained through a survey questionnaire employing mean, Pearson’s product moment correlation, and multiple regression analysis as statistical tools. Results revealed that secondary mathematics teachers had above average level of need for achievement and affiliation, average level of need for power and high level of job satisfaction. There was a positive substantial correlation between mean scores in achievement and job satisfaction, between achievement and affiliation and between power and affiliation but there was a positive low correlation between mean scores in affiliation and job satisfaction and between achievement and power. Achievement was the strongest predictor of the job satisfaction, while power and affiliation were not good predictors of job satisfaction of secondary mathematics teachers.



References:

  1. Abbas, M., Raja, U., Darr, W., & Bouckenooghe, D. (2014). Combined Effects of Perceived Politics and Psychological Capital on Job Satisfaction, Turnover Intentions, and Performance. Journal of Management, 40(7), 1813-1830.
  2. Acquah, A. (2017). Implications of the Achievement Motivation Theory for School Management in Ghana: A Literature Review. Research on Humanities and Social Sciences, 7(5), 10–15.
  3. Akram, M., Malik, M. I., Sarwar, M., Anwer, M., & Ahmad, F. (2015). Relationship of teacher competence with professional commitment and job satisfaction at secondary level. International Journal of AYER, 4, 58-70.
  4. Aldridge, J. M., & Fraser, B. J. (2016). Teachers’ views of their school climate and its relationship with teacher self-efficacy and job satisfaction. Learning Environments Research, 19(2), 291-307.
  5. Aloysius, S. M. (2012). Self-Motivation for Achievement and Its Impact on the Employees’ Performance and Satisfaction. SSRN Electronic Journal. Retrieved December 5, 2019, from doi:10.2139/ssrn.2186389
  6. Alsemeri, H.A. (2016). Factors affecting job satisfaction: An empirical study in the public sector of Saudi Arabia (Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Victoria University Melbourne, Australia.
  7. Amin, M., Shah, S., & Tatlah, I. A. (2013). Impact of Principals/Directors’ Leadership Styles on Job Satisfaction of the Faculty Members: Perceptions of the Faculty Members in a Public University of Punjab, Pakistan. Journal of Research & Reflections in Education, 7(2), 97-112.
  8. Andreassi, J., Leanna L. (2012). "Job Satisfaction Determinants: A Study Across 48 Nations." Proceedings of 2012 Annual Meeting of the Academy of International Business-US Northeast Chapter: Business Without Bhierarchys. Ed. Jing'an Tang. Fairfield CT: Sacred Heart University, 2012.
  9. Ansah, H. W. (2016). Assessing the Impact of Teacher Job Satisfaction Among Teachers. Journal of Education andPractice, 7(30), 161–165.
  10. Asif, I., Fakhra, A., Tahir, F., & Shabbir, A. (2016). 
  11. Relationship between teachers’ job satisfaction and students’ academic performance. Eurasian Journal of Educational, Research,65,335-344. Retrieved November 12, 2019, from http://dx.doi.org/10.14689/ejer.2016.65.19
  12. Astorias, M. (2013). Social Influences and Job Satisfaction among Teachers. JPAIR Institutional ResearchJournal,2(1). Retrieved November 21, 2019, from http://ejournals.ph/form/cite.php?id=12087
  13. Astrauskaite, M., Vaitkevicius, R., & Perminas, A. (2011). Job Satisfaction Survey: A Confirmatory Factor Analysis Based on Secondary School Teachers’ Sample. International Journal of Business and Management, 6(5). Retrieved November 18, 2019, from doi:10.5539/ijbm.v6n5p41
  14. Ankeli, M. Uduji, J. (2013). Needs for Achievement, Affiliation, and Power: The Possible Sales Manager’s Actions for Exceptional Sales power Performance. Research Journal of Finance and Accounting.  4(9), 96–103.
  15. Ayon, J. G. (2009). Job Satisfaction Level of Technology Teacher Education Graduates of the University of Southeastern Philippines. Southeastern Philippines Journal of Research and Development, 18(2). Retrieved November 8, 2019, from http://ejournals.ph/form/cite.php?id=9067
  16. Aydin, A., Sarier, Y., & Uysal, S. (2013). The Effect of School Principals’ Leadership Styles on Teachers’ Organizational Commitment and Job Satisfaction. Educational sciences: Theory and Practice, 13(2), 806-811.
  17. Balkar, B. (2009). The Opinions of Teachers on the Effects of the Administrative Behaviors of School Principals on Teachers’ Job Satisfaction. The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, 18(2). Retrieved November 8, 2019, from http://ejournals.ph/form/cite.php?id=3936
  18. Baluyos, G., Rivera, H. and Baluyos, E. (2019). Teachers’ Job Satisfaction and Job Performance. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 7, 206-221. Retrieved November 8, 2019, from doi: 10.4236/jss.2019.78015.
  19. Benrazavi, S. R., & Silong, A. D. (2013). Employees’ Job Satisfaction and Its Influence on Willingness to Job in Teams. Journal of Management Policy and Practice.  14(1), 127–240.     
  20. Buechner, V. L., Stahn, V., & Murayama, K. (2019). The Power and Affiliation Component of Achievement Pride: Antecedents of Achievement Pride and Effects on Academic Performance. Frontiers in Education, 3. Retrieved November 8, 2019, from doi:10.3389/feduc.2018.00107
  21. Castroverde, L. M. (2017). Predictors of National Achievement Test Scores in Science Among Grade VI Pupils (Unpublished Master's Thesis). West Visayas State University, La Paz, Iloilo, City.
  22. Chamundeswari, S. (2013). Job satisfaction and performance of school teachers. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 3(5), 420-428.  
  23. Chinn, D. (n.d.) (2020). Achievement Needs of Employees. Small Business - Chron.com. Retrieved November 8, 2020, from http://smallbusiness.chron.com/achievement-needs-employees-10273.html
  24. Chung, K. C., Song, J. W., Kim, H. M., Woolliscroft, J. O., Quint, E. H., Lukacs, N. W., & Gyetko, M. R. (2010). Predictors of job satisfaction among academic faculty members: do instructional and clinical staff differ? Medical Education, 44(10), 985–995. Retrieved November 8, 2019, from doi:10.1111/j.13652923.2010.03766.x
  25. Cong, N. N. (2013). Effects of Motivation and Job Satisfaction on Employees’ Performance at Petrovietnam Nghe and Construction Joints Stock Corporation (PVNC). International Journal of Business and Social Science,4 Cullen, K. L., Edwards, B. D., Casper, W. C., & Gue, K. 
  26. R. (2014). Employees’ adaptability and perceptions of change-related uncertainty: Implications for perceived organizational support, job satisfaction, and performance. Journal of Business and Psychology, 29(2), 269–280. Retrieved November 8, 2019, from https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-013-9312-y
  27. Curtis E.A. (2016). Importance and use of correlational research. Nurse Researcher, 23(6), 20-5. Retrieved November 8, 2019, from doi: 10.7748/nr.2016.e1382. 
  28. Danish, R. Q. (2010). Impact of Reward and Recognition on Job Satisfaction and Motivation: An Empirical Study from Pakistan. International Journal of Business and Management, 5(2), 159–167.  Retrieved November 8, 2019, from https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v5n2p159
  29. Dehghan Nayeri, N., & Jafarpour, H. (2015). Relationship between clinical competence and motivation needs of nurses based on the McClelland theory. Nursing Practice Today, 1(2), 86-92. Retrieved November 8, 2019, from http://npt.tums.ac.ir/index.php/npt/article/view/13
  30. Demirdag, S. (2015). Assessing teacher self-efficacy and job satisfaction: Middle school teachers. Journal of Educational and Instructional Studies in the World (WJEIS), 5(3), 35-43.
  31. Dharmesh , M., Sneha , G., Shifali, N., & Mohd , M. (2016). A Comparative Study: Need for Affiliation and Gratitude among Young Adults Who Are/Aren’t in a Relationship. The International Journal of Indian Psychology, 3(3), 107–115.
  32. Djeriouat, H. & Mullet, E. (2013). Public perception of the motives that lead political leaders to launch interstate-armed conflicts: A structural and cross-cultural study. Universitas Psychological, 12(2), 327-346.
  33. Duffy, R. D., & Lent, R. W. (2009). Test of a social cognitive model of job satisfaction in teachers. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 75(2), 212–223. Retrieved November 8, 2019, from doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2009.06.001
  34. Engeser S, Langens T (2010). Mapping explicit social motives of achievement, power, and affiliation on to the five-factor model of personality. Scand J Psychol, 51(4):309–318. Retrieved November 8, 2019, from doi:10.1111/j.1467-9450.2009.00773.x
  35. Erciyes, E. (2019). A New Theoretical Framework for Multicultural Work power Motivation in the Context of International Organizations. SAGE Open, 9(3), 215824401986419. Retrieved November 8, 2019, from doi:10.1177/2158244019864199
  36. Eshwar, T.S. & Priya, T.U. (2014). Rewards, Motivation and Job Satisfaction of Employees in Commercial Banks - An Investigative Analysis. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, Human Resource Management Academic Research Society, International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 4(4), 70-78.
  37. Eyupoglu, S.Z. and Saner, T. (2009). The Relationship between Job Satisfaction and Academic Rank: A Study of Academicians in Northern Cyprus. Paper Presented at the World Conference on Educational Science, North Cyprus, 4(7), 686-691.
  38. Farukuoye, M. A., & Popoola, S. O. (2017). Influence of Job Satisfaction, Need Achievement and Team Job on Job Performance of Staff in Academic Libraries in Southwest, Nigeria. Information Impact: Journal of Information and Knowledge Management, 8(4).
  39. Ferguson, K., Frost, L., & Hall, D. (2012). Predicting Teacher Anxiety, Depression, and Job Satisfaction. Journal of Teaching and Learning, 8(1). doi: Retrieved November 8, 2019, from HTTPS://DOI.ORG/10.22329/JTL.V8I1.2896
  40. Finogenow M. (2017). Need for Achievement. In: Zeigler-Hill V., Shackelford T. (eds) Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences. Springer, Cham
  41. Fodor, E. M. (2009). Power motivation. In M. R. Leary & R. H. Hoyle (Eds.), Handbook of individual differences in social behavior, 426–440. The Guilford Press.
  42. Fogarty, L., Kim, Y.M., Juon, H. et al. (2014). Job Satisfaction and Retention of Health-Care Providers in Afghanistan and Malawi. Human Resource Health. 12, 11. Retrieved November 8, 2019, from https://doi.org/10.1186/1478-4491-12-11
  43. Garcia, A. M., Famy-carreon, M. & Rodriguez, M. P. (2010). Organizational Commitment and Job Satisfaction of College Professors of Arellano University- Pasay Campus. The Magus, 2(1). Retrieved November 8, 2019, from http://ejournals.ph/form/cite.php?id=331
  44. Garrin, J. M. (2014). The power of workplace wellness: A theoretical model for social change agency. Journal of Social Change, 6(1), 109-117.
  45. Getahun, T., Tefera, B.F., & Burichew, A.H. (2016). Teacher’s Job Satisfaction and Its Relationship with Organizational Commitment in Ethiopian PrimarySchools: Focus on Primary Schools of Bonga Town.
  46. Ghazi, S. R., Shahzad, S., Shahzada, G., & Gillani, U. S. (2011). Job Satisfaction of Head Teachers for Theselected Twenty Dimensions of Job. International Journal of Academic Research, 3(1), 651–654.
  47. Gonzaga, J. C. (2018). Mediating Effect of Job Satisfaction on the Relationship between Compensation Management and Employee Engagement. Tin-aw, 2(1). Retrieved November 8, 2019, from http://ejournals.ph/form/cite.php?id=13555
  48. Green, A. M., & Muñoz, M. A. (2016). Predictors of New Teacher Satisfaction in Urban Schools. Journal of School Leadership, 26(1), 92–123. Retrieved November 8, 2019, from doi:10.1177/105268461602600104
  49. Green, S. B. (1991). How many subjects does it take to do a regression analysis? Multivariate Behavioral Research, 26, 499‐510.
  50. Griskevicius, V., Tybur, J.M., Bergh, V.D. (2010). Going green to be seen: status, reputation, and conspicuous conservation. J Pers Soc Psychol, 98(3):392–404. Retrieved November 8, 2019, from doi:10.1037/a0017346
  51. Hall, J. L., Stanton, S. J., & Schultheiss, O. C. (2010). Biopsychological and neural processes of implicit motivation. In O. C. Schultheiss & J. C. Brunstein (Eds.), Implicit motives, 279-307. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  52. Hauff, Sven & Richter, Nicole Franziska & Tressin, Tabea, (2015). Situational job characteristics and job satisfaction: The moderating role of national culture. International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 24(4), 710-723.
  53. Hee, O. C., Yan, L. H., Rizal, A. M., Kowang, T. O., & Fei, G. C. (2018). Factors Influencing Employee Job Satisfaction: A Conceptual Analysis. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 8(6), 331–340.  
  54. Hennighausen C, Hudders L, Lange BP, Fink H (2016) What if the rival drives a porsche? Evol Psychol, 14(4):147470491667821. doi:10.1177/1474704916678217
  55. Herzberg, F., Mausner, B., & Snyderman, B. (2010). The motivation to job (12th ed.). New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers.
  56. Høigaard, R., Giske, R., & Sundsli, K. (2011). Newly qualified teachers’ job engagement and teacher efficacy influences on job satisfaction, burnout, and the intention to quit. European Journal of Teacher Education,35(3),347–357. Retrieved November 8, 2019, from doi:10.1080/02619768.2011.633993
  57. Hui, Huang & Jenatabadi, Hashem Salarzadeh & Ismail, Noor & Jasimah, Che. (2013). Principal's Leadership Style and Teacher Job Satisfaction: A Case Study in China. Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business.
  58. Ikolo, V. (2019). "Factors Influencing Job Satisfaction Among Library and Information Science Educators in South, Nigeria". Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal).2694. Retrieved November 8, 2019, from https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac/2694
  59. Jager, D.S., Born, M. & Van d. M., H., (2017). Self-Other Agreement Between Employees on their Need for Achievement, Power, and Affiliation: A Social Relations Study. Scandinavian Journal of Job and Organizational Psychology, 2(1), 9.  Retrieved November 8, 2019, from http://doi.org/10.16993/sjwop.29
  60. Jha, S. (2010). Need for Growth, Achievement, Power and Affiliation Determinants of Psychological Empowerment. Global Business Review, 11(3), 379-393.
  61. Józefczyk A. (2017). Need for Affiliation. In: Zeigler-Hill V., Shackelford T. (eds) Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences. Springer, Cham.
  62. Jordan, G., Miglič, G., Todorović, I., & Marič, M. (2017). Psychological Empowerment, Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment Among Lecturers in Higher Education: Comparison of Six CEE Countries. Organizacija, 50(1), 17-32.  
  63. Judge, T., Hulin, C., & Dalal, R. (2009). Job satisfaction and job affect. In S. Kozlowski (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of industrial and organizational psychology (Vol. 1, p. 189). New York, NY: Oxford University Press
  64. Junker, K. (2001). A tool for motivating volunteers. Retrieved March 5, 2019, from http://www.ca.uky.edu/agcollege/4h/oldsite/gems/mopdf/Motivate.KJ.PDF
  65. Kadtong, M.L., Unos, M., Antok, T.D. & Midzid, M.A.E. (2017). Teaching Performance and Job Satisfaction Among Teachers at Region XII. Proceedings Journal of Education, Psychology and Social Science Research, 4(1). Retrieved March 10, 2019, from https://ssrn.com/abstract=3169846 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3169846
  66. Karim, N., Khan, R. A., & Shamim, A. (2017). Determinants of Job Satisfaction in Schools of Agha Khan Education Board, Karachi. Global Management Journal for Academic & Corporate Studies, 7(1), 37-47.
  67. Kessler, R. J. (2018). The Impact of Administration, Job Environment, and Personal Issues on Overall Job Satisfaction for Teachers (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Baker University, 618 Eighth St, Baldwin City, KS 66006, United States.
  68. Khan, A. S., Khan, S., Nawaz, A., & Qureshi, Q. A. (2010).Theories Of Job-Satisfaction: Global Applications &Limitations. Gomal University Journal of Research, 26(2), 45–62.
  69. Khany, R., & Tazik, K. (2016). On the relationship between psychological empowerment, trust, and Iranian EFL teachers’ job satisfaction: The case of secondary school teachers. Journal of Career Assessment, 24(1), 112-129.
  70. Kim J. H., Jang S.-N. (2016). The relationship between job stress, job satisfaction, and the Symptom Checklist-90-Revision (SCL-90-R) in marine officers on board. J. Prev. Med. Public Health,49,376–385. Retrieved April 25, 2019, from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27951630/
  71. Klassen, R., & Anderson, C. (2009). How Times Change: Secondary Teachers' Job Satisfaction and Dissatisfaction in 1962 and 2007. British Educational Research Journal, 35(5), 745-759. Retrieved November 8, 2019, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/40375634
  72. Kołodziej, S. (2010). THE ROLE OF ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION IN EDUCATIONAL ASPIRATIONS AND PERFORMANCE. General and Professional Education, 42-48. Retrieved November 8, 2019, from http://genproedu.com/paper/2010-01/full_042-048.pdf
  73. Królewiak K. (2017). Need for Power. In: Zeigler-Hill V., Shackelford T. (eds) Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences. Springer, Cham Kuria E. (2011). Factors influencing the levels of job satisfaction of the deputy head teachers of public secondary schools in Kenya (Unpublished thesis). Kenyatta University.
  74. Larson, M. (2016). What is the Role of a Mathematics Teacher?. National Council of Teachers of Mathematics. Retrieved November 8, 2019, from https://www.nctm.org/News-and-Calendar/News/NCTM-News-Releases/What-is-the-Role-of-a-Mathematics-Teacher_/#:~:text=A%20math%20teacher%20is%20someone,every%20one%20of%20your%20students.
  75. Lazaroiu, G. (2015). Job motivation and organizational behavior. Contemporary Readings in Law & Social Justice, 7(2), 66-75.
  76. Levinson, E. M., Fetchkan, R. & Hohenshil, T. H. (2019). Job Satisfaction Among Practicing School Psychologists Revisited. School Psychology Review, 17(1), 101-112, Retrieved November 8, 2019, from DOI: 10.1080/02796015.1988.12085329
  77. Lo, H.M., Li, H.C. (2016). Exploring the Effect of Staff Achievement on Job Satisfaction in Hong Kong Residential Clubhouse. J Tourism Hospit 5, 259. Retrieved November 8, 2019, from doi: 10.4172/2167-0269.1000259
  78. Magbanua, A. P. (2018). The Influence of Organizational Commitment and Job Satisfaction to Job Performance of Public School Elementary Teachers. Tin-aw, 2(1). Retrieved November 8, 2019, from http://ejournals.ph/form/cite.php?id=13685
  79. Massari, G.A. (2015). Key Factors of Preschool And Primary School Teachers Job Satisfaction, 5(1), 1–14.
  80. Malone, M. (2020). "Need-Based Theories of Motivation in a workplace." Small Business - Chron.com, Retrieved November 8, 2019, from http://smallbusiness.chron.com/needbased-theories-motivation-jobplace-25442.html. Accessed 04 April 2020.
  81. Millanes, D. T. (2018). Possible Predictive Influence of Emotional Intelligence and Job Satisfaction to TeacherEfficiency. Tin-aw, 2(1). Retrieved November 8, 2019, from http://ejournals.ph/form/cite.php?id=13686
  82. Moore, L. L., Grabsch, D. K., & Rotter, C. (2010). Using  Achievement Motivation Theory to Explain Student Participation in a Residential Leadership Learning Community. Journal of Leadership Education, 9(2), 22–34. Retrieved November 8, 2019, from doi: 10.12806/v9/i2/rf2
  83. Moriarty, T. (n.d.). (2014). Plant Services Articles. Understanding the 3 Types of Needs: Achievement, Affiliation, and Power.
  84. Mullis, I. V. S., Martin, M. O., Foy, P., & Hooper, M. (2016). TIMSS 2015 International Results in Mathematics. Retrieved September 9, 2019, from Boston College, TIMSS & PIRLS International Study Center website:http://timssandpirls.bc.edu/timss2015/international-results/
  85. Naz, S. (2017). Factors Affecting Teachers Job Satisfaction. Market Powers, 11(2), 44–59.
  86. Nicdao, J. B. (2016). Factors Affecting the Job Motivation Of the Non-Teaching Personnel of Jose Rizal University. Journal of Business, Education and Law, 21(1). Retrieved November 8, 2019, from http://ejournals.ph/form/cite.php?id=12262
  87. Ncube, C. M., & Samuel, M. O. (2014). Revisiting Employee Motivation and Job Satisfaction within the Context of an Emerging Economy: Theoretical Representation and Developing the Model. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 5(9), 267–282. Retrieved November 8, 2019, from doi: 10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n9p267
  88. Nigama, K., Selvabaskar, S., Surulivel, S. T., Alamelu, R., & Uthaya Joice, D. (2018). JOB SATISFACTION AMONG SCHOOL TEACHERS. International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics, 119(7), 2645–2656.
  89. Njoroge, D., & Butali, P. (2019). Determinants of Job Satisfaction among High School Teachers in Kenya.
  90. Nkashi, T. O. (2014). Rewards System and Employee Performance in Selected banks In Makurdi, Nigeria (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Bayero University Kano, Kano.
  91. Noori, N., Fatemi, M. and Najjari, H. (2014) The Relationship between EFL Teachers’ Motivation and JobSatisfaction in Mashhad Language Institutions. Open Access Library Journal, 1, 1-14. Retrieved November 8, 2019, from doi: 10.4236/oalib.1100843.
  92. Nurullah, A. S. (2010). Predictors of Job Satisfaction 
  93. among Emerging Adults in Alberta, Canada. International Journal of Business and Management, 5(3). Retrieved November 8, 2019, from doi:10.5539/ijbm.v5n3p3
  94. Odembo, S.A. (2013). Job Satisfaction and Employee  Performance Within the Telecommunication Industry in Kenya: A Case of Airtel Kenya Limited
  95. Okeke, Marcel. (2018). Job Satisfaction and Employee  Performance In Selected Bakeries in Anambra State.
  96. Okorley, E. A. (2010). Factors affecting the motivation of bank staff  in  Cape  Coast  metropolis (Unpublished master`s thesis). University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast
  97. Ofovwe, C., Ofili, A., Ojetu, O. and Okosun, F. (2013). Marital satisfaction, job satisfaction and psychological health of secondary school teachers. Health, 5, 663-668. Retrieved November 8, 2019, from doi: 10.4236/health.2013.54087.
  98. Otero-López, J. M., Castro, C., Villardefrancos, E., & Santiago, M. J. (2009). Job dissatisfaction and burnout in secondary school teachers: Students' disruptive behaviour and conflict management examined. European Journal of Education and Psychology, 2(2), 99–111. Retrieved November 8, 2019, from https://doi.org/10.30552/ejep.v2i2.25
  99. Pahilanga, H., Rara, M. G. & Romero, A. R. (2017). Leadership Style and Organizational Culture: Determinants of Job Satisfaction In A Business Process Outsourcing (Bpo) Industry. Antorcha, 4(2 and 3). Retrieved November 8, 2019, from http://ejournals.ph/form/cite.php?id=11730
  100. Passanisi, J., & Peters, S. (2012). What motivates Teachers: It’s More Than Money. Retrieved November 8, 2019, from https://www.edweek.org/tm/articles/2012/12/05/fp_passanisi_peters_motivates.html
  101. Paniamogan, C. N. (2018). Leadership Style, Job Satisfaction and Retention of Teachers in Private Institution. Tin-aw, 2(1). Retrieved November 8, 2019, from http://ejournals.ph/form/cite.php?id=13681
  102. Parvin, M.M. (2011). Factors Affecting Employee Job 
  103. Satisfaction of Pharmaceutical Sector. Australian Journal of Business and Management Research, 1(9), 113-123.
  104. Pilarta, A. B.  (2015). Job Satisfaction and Teachers Performance in Abra State Institute of Sciences and Technology. Global Journal of Management and Business Research. Retrieved November 8, 2019, from https://journalofbusiness.org/index.php/GJMBR/article/view/1626
  105. Popoola, S., & Farukuoye, M. (2017). Influence of Job Satisfaction, Need Achievement and Team Job on Job Performance of Staff in Academic Libraries in Southwest, Nigeria. Journal of Information and Knowledge Management, 8(4), 77–98.
  106. Ramos, M. F. H., Pontes, F. A. R., Silva, S. S. C.,Ramos, E. M. L., Casanova, D. C. G., & Azzi, R.G. (2018). Characterization of basic education teachers from the satisfaction of cognitive social model at job. Paidéia (Ribeirão Preto), 28, e2811. doi: Retrieved November 8, 2019, from http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-4327e2811
  107. Reilly, E., Dhingra, K. and Boduszek, D. (2014)."Teachers’ self-efficacy beliefs, self-esteem, and job stress as determinants of job satisfaction". International Journal of Educational Management, 28(4), 365-378. Retrieved November 8, 2019, from https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEM-04-2013-0053
  108. Robbins, S. P. (2009). Organizational Behavior: International Version, 13/E. Pearson Higher Education
  109. Robinson, O. P., Bridges, S. A., Rollins, L. H., & Schumacker, R. E. (2019). A study of the relation between special education burnout and job satisfaction. Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs. Retrieved November 8, 2019, from doi:10.1111/1471-3802.12448
  110. Romero, G. D., & Bantigue, N. F. (2017). Asia Pacific Journal of Contemporary Education and Communication Technology (APJCECT). Retrieved November 8, 2019, from https://apiar.org.au/journal-paper/job-satisfaction-level-of-k-to-12-teachers-utilizing-multiple-statistical-tools/
  111. Rose, P. (2010). Transformational Leadership and Its Relationship to Adult 4-H Volunteers’ Sense of Empowerment in Youth Development Settings. Journal of Leadership Education, 9(2), 58–71.
  112. Rybnicek, R., Bergner, S. & Gutschelhofer, A. (2019). How individual needs influence motivation effects: a neuroscientific study on McClelland’s need theory. Rev Manag Sci,13, 443–482. Retrieved November 8, 2019, from https://doi.org/10.1007/s11846-017-0252-1
  113. Saba, I. (2011). Measuring the Job Satisfaction Level of the Academic Staff in Bahawalpur Colleges. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 1
  114. Saleem, H. (2015). The Impact of Leadership Styles on Job Satisfaction and Mediating Role of Perceived Organizational Politics. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 172, 563–569. Retrieved November 8, 2019, from doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.403
  115. Scanlan, J.N., Still, M. (2019). Relationships between burnout, turnover intention, job satisfaction, job demands and job resources for mental health personnel in an Australian mental health service. BMC Health Serv Res, 19, 62. Retrieved November 8, 2019, from https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-018-3841-z
  116. Schwartz, G. J. (2017). The Relationship Between Teacher Job Satisfaction and Principal Leadership Styles (Doctoral thesis). Carson-Newman University, Jefferson City, United States.Retrieved November 8, 2019, from http://www.cn.edu/libraries/tiny_mce/tiny_mce/plugins/filemanager/files/Dissertations/DissertaionsFall2017/Gwendolin_J._Schwartz.pdf
  117. Sharma , A., Verma , S., Verma , C., & Malhotra , D. (2010). Stress and Burnout as Predictors of Job Satisfaction amongst Lawyers. European Journal of Social Sciences, 14(3), 348–359.
  118. Sikowo, D. C., Namusonge, G. S., Makokha, E. N., & Nyagechi, A. K. (2016). Determinants of Employee Satisfaction on Organizational Performance: A Survey of Trans Nzoia County Government. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 6(10). Retrieved November 8, 2019, fromdoi: https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v6-i10/2337
  119. Skaalvik, E. M., & Skaalvik, S. (2009). Does School Context Matter? Relations with Teacher Burnout and Job Satisfaction. Teaching and Teacher Education, 25, 518-524. Retrieved November 8, 2019, from http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2008.12.006
  120. Skaalvik, E. M., & Skaalvik, S. (2014). Teacher self-efficacy and perceived autonomy: Relations with teacher engagement, job satisfaction, and emotional exhaustion. Psychological Reports, 114(1), 68-77.
  121. Skaalvik, E. M., & Skaalvik, S. (2017). Motivated for teaching? Associations with school goal structure, teacher self-efficacy, job satisfaction and emotional exhaustion. Teaching and Teacher Education, 67, 152-160.
  122. Stanton, S. J., Hall, J. L., & Schultheiss, O. C. (2010). Properties of motive-specific incentives. In O. C. Schultheiss & J. C. Brunstein (Eds.), Implicit motives (245-278). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  123. Steinmann, B., Ötting, S. K., & Maier, G. W. (2016). Need for Affiliation as a Motivational Add-On for Leadership Behaviors and Managerial Success. Frontiers in Psychology, 7. Retrieved November 8, 2019, from doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01972
  124. Steinmetz, H., Park, Y., & Kabst, R. (2011). The relationship between needs and job attitudes in South Korea and Germany. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 26(7), 623–644. Retrieved November 8, 2019, from doi:10.1108/02683941111164517
  125. Stephanou, G., Gkavras, G. & Doulkeridou, M. (2013). The Role of Teachers’ Self- and Collective-Efficacy Beliefs on Their Job Satisfaction and Experienced Emotions in School. Psychology, 4, 268-278. Retrieved November 8, 2019, from doi: 10.4236/psych.2013.43A040.
  126. Suminar, B. & Yulianti, E. (2013). The Effect of Emotional Exhaustion on Job Satisfaction and its Impact on Performance. IAMURE International Journal of Business and Management, 5(1). Retrieved from Retrieved November 8, 2019, from http://ejournals.ph/form/cite.php?id=3631
  127. Suri, S., Sharma, S., & Abbas, T. (2016). Need Pattern, Job Satisfaction and Mental Health among IT Professionals. The International Journal of Indian Psychology, 4(1), 145–158.
  128. Tacado, M. S. (2012). Mathematics and English proficiency as correlates of high school students problem-solving skill in physics. Unpublished Master’s Thesis, West Visayas State University: La Paz, Iloilo City
  129. Tan, S. K., Wan, F. W. Y., & Sivan, R. (2014). Job Satisfaction And Motivation: What Are The Difference Among These Two?. European Journal of Business and Social Sciences, 3(2), 94–102.   
  130. Tang, S. w., Siu, O. l., & Cheung, F. (2014). A study of job–family enrichment among Chinese employees: The mediating role between job support and job satisfaction. Applied Psychology, 63(1), 130-150.
  131. Tickle, B. R., Chang, M., & Kim, S. (2011). Administrative support and its mediating effect on US public school teachers. Teaching and Teacher Education, 27(2), 342-349.
  132. Todorova, G., Bear, J. B., & Weingart, L. R. (2014). Can conflict be energizing? A study of task conflict, positive emotions, and job satisfaction. Journal of Applied Psychology, 99(3), 451-466.
  133. Toropova, A., Myrberg, E., & Johansson, S. (2020). Teacher job satisfaction: the importance of school job conditions and teacher characteristics, Educational Review. Retrieved November 8, 2019, from DOI: 10.1080/00131911.2019.1705247
  134. Tran, V. D., & Le, M. T. L. (2015). School environment factors as predictors for teachers' teaching efficacy, teacher stress and job satisfaction. International Education Research, 3(2), 28-46. Retrieved November 8, 2019, from https://doi.org/10.12735/ier.v3i2p28
  135. Truong Y., McColl R. (2011). Intrinsic motivations, self-esteem, and luxury goods consumption. J Retail Consum Serv, 18(6), 555–561. Retrieved November 8, 2019, from doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2011.08.00
  136. Unutmaz, S. (2014). Factors Affecting Job Satisfaction Of Employees in A Public Institution (unpublished doctoral dissertation). Middle East Technical University, Üniversiteler, Dumlupınar Blv. No:1, 06800 Çankaya/Ankara, Turkey
  137. Valle M., Perrewe P.L. (2016). Do politics perceptions relate to political behaviors? Tests of an implicit assumption and expanded model. Hum Relat, 53(3):359–386. Retrieved November 8, 2019, from doi:10.1177/0018726700533004
  138. Wickramasinghe, V. (2009). "Predictors of job satisfaction among IT graduates in offshore outsourced IT firms". Personnel Review, 38(4), 413-431. Retrieved November 8, 2019, from https://doi.org/10.1108/00483480910956355
  139. Wilson, C. R., Voorhis, V. & Morgan, B. L. (2007).  Understanding Power and Rules of Thumb  for Determining Sample Sizes. Tutorials in Quantitative Methods for Psychology, 3(2), 43-50.
  140. Wong, S. K., & Heng, T. N. (2009). Case Study of Factors Influencing Jobs Satisfaction in Two Malaysian Universities. International Business Research, 2(2). Retrieved November 8, 2019, from doi:10.5539/ibr.v2n2p86           
  141. Xu X., Xu Y., Mellor D. & Duan L. (2012). Motivation and social contexts: A cross national pilot study of achievement, power, and affiliation motives, International Journal of Psychology, 47(2), 111-117. Retrieved November 8, 2019, from DOI: 10.1080/00207594.2011.590493