HomeAsian Journal of Resiliencevol. 3 no. 1 (2021)

Issues Related to Lesbian and Gay Students’ Experiences: Implications to the Promotion of Gender-Safe Spaces

John Paul Reloj

 

Abstract:

Harassment based on sexual orientation still happens in many schools. This study looked into the diverse issues and experiences of lesbians and gays as viewed by both heterosexual and lesbian and gay groups based on the data from a mixed-method study. The participants of this study were students from an external campus of a state university, involving 281 heterosexual and 40 lesbian and gay students. The participants were selected using the snowballing method. The researcher employed a structured questionnaire, focus group discussions, and observations. Using descriptive technique and thematic analysis, the researcher found that the majority of lesbians and gays who participated in this study received equal treatment from teachers and staff; and the activities of the campus promoted safe spaces for lesbian and gay students. On the other hand, other students encountered problems such as peer rejection and homophobic remarks, as well as parental rejection expressed in different ways. As a coping technique and coming-out process, they skipped school and joined groups that offered support. The findings imply that fostering gender-safe spaces should be an integral part of a student development program.



References:

  1. Abma, T. A. (2005). Responsive evaluation: Its meaning and special contribution to health promotion. Evaluation and Program Planning, 28(3), 279-289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2005.04.003
  2. Aguirre, A., Moliner, L., & Francisco, A. (2020). “Can anybody help me?” High school teachers’ experiences on LGBTphobia perception, teaching intervention and training on affective and sexual diversity. Journal of Homosexuality,68(14), 2430-2450. https://doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2020.1804265
  3. American Psychological Association. (n.d.). Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender. https://www.apa.org/topics/lgbtq
  4. American Psychiatric Association. (2022). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, text revision (DSM-5-TR(tm)) (5th ed.). Author.
  5. Drake, B. (2013). How LGBT adults see society and how the public sees them. Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2013/06/25/how-lgbt-adults-see-society-and-how-the-public-sees-them/
  6. Ferrer, A. K., Maranan, L., Luntaga,  J., Del Rosario, A. D., & Tus, J. (2021). The exploration on the lived experiences and challenges faced of the gay college students amidst COVID-19. International Journal of Advance Research and Innovative Ideas in Education,7(1), 795 –815. https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.13724512.v1
  7. Gacita, A., Gargus, E., Uchida, T., Garcia, P., Macken, M., Seul, L., Brucker, J., & Wayne, D. B. (2017). Introduction to safe space training: Interactive module for promoting a safe space learning environment for LGBT medical students. MedEdPORTAL,2017;13:10597. https://doi.org/10.15766/mep_2374-8265.10597
  8. Ghemmour, R. (2022).  There is no 'safe space’-A critical insight to frame conversationsaround social justice education. Transformation, 7(1), 54-59. https://doi.org/10.47967/tor2022trans.vol7.09
  9. Greytak, E. A., Kosciw, J. G., & Diaz, E. M. (2009). Harsh realities: The experiences of transgender youth in our nation's.Gay, Lesbian, and Straight Education Network.
  10. Grossman, A. H., Haney, A. P., Edwards, P., Alessi, E. J., Ardon, M., & Howell, T. J. (2009). Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender youth talk about experiencing and coping with school violence: A qualitative study. Journal of LGBT Youth,6(1), 24-46. https://doi.org/10.1080/19361650802379748
  11. Hafford-Letchfield, T., Cocker, C., Ryan, P., & Melonowska, J. (2016). Rights through alliances: Findings from a European project tackling homophobic and Transphobic bullying in schools through the engagement of families and young people. British Journal of Social Work,46(8), 2338-2356. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcw104
  12. Hanımoğlu, E. (2019). Stigmatization and suicide vulnerability in LGBT students: Inquiry and recommendations. Journal of Education and e-Learning Research,6(2), 45-51. https://doi.org/10.20448/journal.509.2019.62.45.51Heck, N. C., Flentje, A., & Cochran, B. N. (2011). Offsetting risks: High school gay-straight alliances and lesbian, gay, bisexual,and transgender (LGBT) youth. School Psychology Quarterly,26(2), 161-174. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0023226
  13. Horn, S.S. & Russell, S.T.(2016}. Sexual orientation, gender identity, and school: Learning from the past, envisioning the future. In S.T. Russell, & S.S. Horn (Eds), Sexual orientation, gender identity, and schooling: The nexus of research, practice, and policy(pp. 377-390). Oxfords University Press.  https://doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780199387656.003.0021
  14. International Gay and Lesbian Human Rights Commission. (2011). Human rights violations on the basis of sexual orientation, gender identity, and homosexuality in the Philippines. BRILL. https://doi.org/10.1163/2210-7975_hrd-9815-0077
  15. Kiapoka, A. S. (2020). Preventing homophobic and transphobic violence through inclusion education programs. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience & Mental Health,3(2), 126-132. https://doi.org/10.26386/obrela.v3i2.168
  16. Kintner-Duffy, V. L., Vardell, R., Lower, J. K., & Cassidy, D. J. (2012). The changers and the changed: Preparing early childhood teachers to work with lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender families. Journal of Early Childhood Teacher Education,33(3), 208-223. https://doi.org/10.1080/10901027.2012.705806
  17. Lopez, G., & Chims, N. (1993). Classroom concerns of gay and lesbian students: The invisible minority. College Teaching,41(3), 97-103. https://doi.org/10.1080/87567555.1993.9926788
  18. Manalastas, E. J., & Pilar, G. E. H. D. (2005). Filipino attitudes toward lesbians and gay men: Secondary analysis of 1996 and 2001 national survey data. Philippine Journal of Psychology, 38 (2), 53-75. http://www.tinyurl.com/yx9u8pnq
  19. Mavhandu-Mudzusi, A. H., (2014). Experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex students regarding sports participation in a South African rural-based university, Sabinet. African Journal for Physical Health Education, Recreation and Dance,20(22), 710-720. https://journals.co.za/doi/abs/10.10520/EJC155209
  20. Ncanana, Z., & Ige, K. (2014). Aversion toward homosexuals among tertiary education students in South Africa. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences,5(10), 569 -579. https://doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n10p569
  21. Neviyarni, N., Netrawati, N., Ahmad, R., &Delfita, W. (2020). Students’ sexual identity based on interest, style and behavior. International Journal of Research in Counseling and Education,4(1), 51-54. https://doi.org/10.24036/00264za0002
  22. Pearce, J., & Cumming-Potvin, W. (2017). English classrooms and curricular justice for the recognition of LGBT individuals: What can teachers do? Australian Journal of Teacher Education,42(9), 77-92. https://doi.org/10.14221/ajte.2017v42n9.5
  23. Pizmony-Levy, O., & Kosciw, J. G. (2016). School climate and the experience of LGBT students: A comparison of the United States and Israel. Journal of LGBT Youth, 13(1-2), 46-66. https://doi.org/10.1080/19361653.2015.1108258
  24. Psychological Association of the Philippines (PAP). (2011). Statement of the Psychological Association of the Philippines on non-discrimination based on sexual orientation, gender identity and expression. Philippine Journal of Psychology, 44 (2), 229-230. http://www.tinyurl.com/yd67gbmc
  25. Renn, K. A. (2000). Including all voices in the classroom: Teaching lesbian, gay, and bisexual students. College Teaching,48(4), 129-135. https://doi.org/10.1080/87567550009595829
  26. Roe, S. (2016). Family support would have been like amazing. The Family Journal,25(1), 55-62. https://doi.org/10.1177/1066480716679651
  27. Russell, S. T. (2011). Challenging homophobia in schools: Policies and programs for safe school climates. Educar em Revista, (39), 123-138. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0104-40602011000100009
  28. Santos, K. E., &Jesus, C. D. (2020). Prevalence of bullying among LGBT students in Nueva Ecija. Open Access Library Journal,7: e6066, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1106066
  29. Tshilongo, T., & Rothmann, J. (2019). A sociological exploration of the need for safe spacesfor lesbian and gay students on a South African university campus. Transformation in Higher Education,4(0)a77, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.4102/the.v4i0.77
  30. UNDP, USAID (2014). Being LGBT in Asia: The Philippines Country Report.Bangkok.
  31. UNESCO Bangkok Office. (n.d.). Mainstreaming gender at the whole-school level. Asia and Pacific Regional Bureau for Education. https://bangkok.unesco.org/sites/default/files/assets/article/Education/publications/GENIA2019/19_Dec_GENIA_Toolkit_11.pdf
  32. Yeskel, F. (1991). Dealing with lesbian, gay, and bisexual concerns: Multicultural organizational development in higher education.. (Doctoral dissertation, University of Massachusetts Amherst). Doctoral Dissertations 1896 -February 2014. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations_1/4825