HomePsychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journalvol. 13 no. 9 (2023)

What’s Laughing It’s Wrong Gramming: Emotional Expressiveness of Non-English Teachers

Brelyn Tanangonan | Arnel Pradia

Discipline: Education

 

Abstract:

This phenomenological study aimed to explore the experiences of Science and Mathematics teachers using English as their instructional medium. Employing purposive sampling, the research utilized diverse data collection methods, such as in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, journal writing, transcription, translation, and thematic analysis. The central focus was on identifying emotional responses that occurred when communication errors arose due to insufficient linguistic competence, particularly in syntax and phonology. The study's findings revealed that teachers frequently expressed emotions, encompassing both positive and negative sentiments, in response to error corrections. These expressions often involved acknowledging their mistakes and offering apologies. The challenges faced by teachers in using English as the medium of instruction stemmed from students' weak language skills, code-switching habits, language misuse, and limited language use. To enhance their linguistic competence, teachers adopted various coping mechanisms, including engaging in English-based listening, reading, speaking, viewing, and writing activities. Additionally, the study produced a schematic diagram illustrating the interconnected factors influencing the use of English as the medium of instruction. In summary, this phenomenological study delved into the experiences of Science and Mathematics teachers using English as their instructional language, with a particular focus on emotional responses during communication errors. The research highlighted the obstacles teachers encountered due to students' language limitations, code-switching tendencies, and language misuse. Furthermore, it identified strategies employed by teachers to bolster their language proficiency, all of which were encapsulated in a schematic diagram illustrating the intricacies of using English as the medium of instruction.



References:

  1. Ahmed, S. T. S. (2018). Challenges of English language teaching in Yemeni primary and secondary schools. GRIN Veriag, Academic paper, 1-11.
  2. Alharbi, A.S. (2019). Difficulties Facing Novice English-Language Teachers. Asian EFL Journal 24 (4.2), 5-15
  3. Alieto, E., Devanadera, A., & Buslon, J. (2020). Women of K-12: Exploring teachers’ cognition in language policy implementation. Available at SSRN 3588029.
  4. Al-Shujairi, Y. B. J., & Tan, H. (2017). Grammar Errors in the Writing of Iraqi English Language Learners. International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies5(4), 122-130.
  5. Al Zoubi, S. M. (2018). The impact of exposure to the English language on language acquisition. Journal of Applied Linguistics and Language Research5(4), 151-162.
  6. Ancheta, J. R., & Perez, C. A. (2017). Language learning difficulties of selected foreign students in National University, Philippines. International Journal of Research6(4), 65-76.
  7. Barrett, L. F., Adolphs, R., Marsella, S., Martinez, A. M., & Pollak, S. D. (2019). "Emotional expressions reconsidered: Challenges to inferring emotion from human facial movements": Corrigendum.
  8. Bird, S. (2002). Computational phonology. arXiv preprint cs/0204023.
  9. Bromberger, S., & Halle, M. (1989). Why phonology is different. Linguistic inquiry20(1), 51-70.
  10. Brutt-Griffler, J. (2017). English in the multilingual classroom: implications for research, policy and practice. PSU Research Review.
  11. Canilao, M. L. E. N. (2018). English in the teaching of mathematics: Policies, realities, and opportunities. In Reconceptualizing English education in a multilingual society (pp. 137-161). Springer, Singapore.
  12. Carver, C. S.  (1997). You want to measure coping but your protocol’s too long:  Consider the Brief COPE. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 4, 92-100.
  13. Celce-Murcia, M., Dörnyei, Z., & Thurrell, S. (1995). Communicative competence: A pedagogically motivated model with content specifications. Issues in Applied linguistics6(2), 5-35.
  14. (Chang, L.J., & Jolly E. (2018). Emotions as computational signals of goal error. The nature of emotion: Fundamental questions, 343-348.
  15. Chomsky, N., & Noam, C. (2002). On nature and language. Cambridge University Press.
  16. Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2017). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage publications.
  17. Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2016). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. Sage publications.
  18. Corder, S. P. (1967). The significance of learners’ errors. International Review of Applied Linguistics, 5, (4), 161-169. doi: 10.1515/iral.1971.9.2.147.
  19. Cowen, A., Sauter, D., Tracy, J. L., & Keltner, D. (2019). Mapping the passions: Toward a high-dimensional taxonomy of emotional experience and expression. Psychological Science in the Public Interest20(1), 69-90.
  20. Cummins, J. (1980). The construct of language proficiency in bilingual education. Current issues in bilingual education, 81-103.
  21. Demir, S., Erdogan A (2017). The Role of Teaching Grammar in First Language Education. European Journal of Educational Research, Volume 7, Issue 14, 87 - 101.
  22. Dolan, R. J. (2002). Emotion, cognition, and behavior. science298(5596), 1191-1194.
  23. Eckert, P., & Labov, W. (2017). Phonetics, phonology and social meaning. Journal of sociolinguistics21(4), 467-496.
  24. Ella, J. R. Language Learning Strategies and English Proficiency of Grade 12 Students.
  25. Fikroni, M. R. (2018). Grammatical Competence within L2 Communication: Language Production, Monitor Hypothesis, and Focus on Forms Instruction. Pancaran Pendidikan7(1).
  26. Guetterman, T. (2015). Descriptions of sampling practices within five approaches to qualitative research in education and the health sciences.
  27. Habiburrahim, H., Risdaneva, R., Putri, G., Dahliana, S., & Muluk, S. (2020). The Effects of Anxiety Toward Acehnese Students' English Speaking Ability. The Qualitative Report25(1), 254-270.
  28. Hamed, M. (2018). Common Linguistic Errors among Non-English Major Libyan Students Writing. Arab World English Journal (AWEJ) Volume9.
  29. Hoemann, K., Gendron, M., & Barrett, L. F. (2017). Mixed emotions in the predictive brain. Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences15, 51-57.
  30. Höhle, T. N. (2018). An architecture for phonology. Beiträge zur deutschen Grammatik, 571.
  31. Hubbard, P., Jones, H., Thornton, B., & Wheeler, R. (1996). A Training Course for TEFL. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  32. Idris, N., Cheong, L. S., Razak, A. Z. A., & Saad, R. M. (2007). The professional preparation of Malaysian teachers in the implementation of teaching and learning of mathematics and science in English. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education3(2), 101-110.
  33. Ji, C. (2018). A Study on the Effectiveness of English Grammar Teaching and Learning in Chinese Junior Middle Schools. Theory and Practice in Language Studies8(11), 1553-1558.
  34. Johnson, S., Cooper, C., Cartwright, S., Donald, I., Taylor, P., & Millet, C. (2005). The experience of work‐related stress across occupations. Journal of managerial psychology.
  35. Keltner, D., Sauter, D., Tracy, J., & Cowen, A. (2019). Emotional expression: Advances in basic emotion theory. Journal of nonverbal behavior, 1-28.
  36. Kim, J. B., & Sells, P. (2008). English syntax: An introduction. CSLI publications.
  37. Koide-Majima, N., Nakai, T., & Nishimoto, S. (2020). Distinct dimensions of emotion in the human brain and their representation on the cortical surface. NeuroImage222, 117258.
  38. Krashen, S. D. (1981). Bilingual education and second language acquisition theory. Schooling and language minority students: A theoretical framework, 51-79.
  39. Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. Springer publishing company.
  40. Lincoln, YS. & Guba, EG. (1985). Naturalistic Inquiry. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.
  41. Leyaley, R. V. G. (2016). The English Language Proficiency of Freshmen Students in The Institute of Teacher Education, Kalingaapayao State College. International Journal of Advanced Research in Management and Social Sciences5(2), 257-278.
  42. Łockiewicz, M., Sarzała-Przybylska, Z., & Lipowska, M. (2018). Early predictors of learning a foreign language in pre-school–Polish as a first language, English as a foreign language. Frontiers in psychology9, 1813.
  43. MacIntyre, P. D., Gregersen, T., & Mercer, S. (2020). Language teachers’ coping strategies during the Covid-19 conversion to online teaching: Correlations with stress, wellbeing and negative emotions. System94, 102352.
  44. Maluleke, M. J. (2019). Using code-switching as an empowerment strategy in teaching mathematics to learners with limited proficiency in English in South African schools. South African Journal of Education39(3).
  45. Matchin, W., & Hickok, G. (2020). The cortical organization of syntax. Cerebral Cortex30(3), 1481-1498.
  46. Matkasimova, D. B. K., & Makhmudov, K. S. U. (2020). Importance of interactive methods in the english language grammar teaching. Science and Education1(Special Issue 2).
  47. Menninghaus, W., Wagner, V., Wassiliwizky, E., Schindler, I., Hanich, J., Jacobsen, T., & Koelsch, S. (2019). What are aesthetic emotions?. Psychological review126(2), 171.
  48. Milan, M. C. (2019). English speaking anxiety: Sources, coping mechanisms, and teacher management. PUPIL: International Journal of Teaching, Education and Learning5(2), 01-28.
  49. Morrow, R., Rodriguez, A., & King, N. (2015). Learning from the lifeworld. Psychologist.
  50. Müller, S., Höhle, T. N., Reis, M., & Richter, F. (2019). Beiträge zur deutschen Grammatik: Gesammelte Schriften von Tilman N. Höhle, 2. Language Science Press.
  51. Nel, N., & Müller, H. (2010). The impact of teachers’ limited English proficiency on English second language learners in South African schools. South African Journal of Education30(4).
  52. Nurhamidah, Fauziati, E., & Supriyadi, S. (2018). Code-Switching in EFL Classroom: Is It Good or Bad?. Journal of English Education, 3(2), 78-88. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.31327/jee.v3i2.861
  53. Odden, D. (2013). Introducing phonology. Cambridge University Press.
  54. Oxford, R. L. (2003). Language learning styles and strategies: An overview. Learning Styles & Strategies/Oxford, GALA2003, 1-25.
  55. Petrie C. Current opportunities and challenges on Covid-19 in education. Spotlight: Quality education for all during Covid-19 crisis. OECD/Hundred Research Report #011. 2020. https://hundredcdn.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/report/file/15/hundred_spotlight_covid-19_digital.pdf 
  56. Pun, J. K., & Thomas, N. (2020). English medium instruction: teachers’ challenges and coping strategies. ELT Journal74(3), 247-257.
  57. Pylkkänen, L. (2019). The neural basis of combinatory syntax and semantics. Science366(6461), 62-66.
  58. Quisumbing, L. (1989). The DECS bilingual education policy. Philippine Education: Vision and Perspectives, 309-315.
  59. Racca, R. M. A. B., & Lasaten, R. C. S. (2016). English language proficiency and academic performance of Philippine science high school students. International Journal of Languages, Literature and Linguistics2(2), 44-49.
  60. Rao, C. (2016). A brief study of English Language proficiency: Employability. English for Specific purposes world49(17), 1-8.
  61. Rasheed, S., Zeeshan, M., & Zaidi, N. A. (2017). Challenges of teaching English language in a multilingual setting: An investigation at government girls secondary schools of Quetta, Baluchistan, Pakistan. International Journal of English Linguistics7(4), 149.
  62. Sagir, M. (2002). Ilkogretim okullarinda Turkce dil bilgisi ogretimi. Ankara, Nobel.
  63. Schleicher, A. (2019). PISA 2018: Insights and Interpretations. OECD Publishing.
  64. Schütz, R. (2007). Stephen Krashen's theory of second language acquisition. English made in Brazil2(2), 2007.
  65. Siddiqui, A. Understanding of Philosophical Notions that Constitute the Structure within English Syntax.
  66. Sumalinog, G. G. (2018). Common grammatical errors of the high school students: The teacher’s perspective. International Journal of Research and Science & Management5(10), 69-74.
  67. Trubetzkoy, N. S. (1969). Principles of phonology.
  68. van Rijt, J. H., de Swart, P. J., Wijnands, A., & Coppen, P. A. J. (2019). When students tackle grammatical problems: Exploring linguistic reasoning with linguistic metaconcepts in L1 grammar education. Linguistics and Education52, 78-88.
  69. Van Valin, R. D., van Valin Jr, R. D., van Valin Jr, R. D., LaPolla, R. J., & LaPolla, R. J. (1997). Syntax: Structure, meaning, and function. Cambridge University Press.
  70. Wayar, B., & Saleh, A. (2016). An analysis of the causes of English grammatical errors in communicative genre: A case study of Mathematics students at Gombe State University, Nigeria. Nigeria Journal of Educational Research Review4(5), 45-53.
  71. Yunus, M. M., & Sukri, S. I. A. (2017). The Use of English in Teaching Mathematics and Science: The PPSMI Policy vis-à-vis the DLP. Advances in Language and Literary Studies8(1), 133-142.
  72. DECS Order No. 52, 1987 Policy on Bilingual Education, Series of 1987
  73. Deped Order No. 74, Institutionalizing Mother Tongue-Based Multilingual Educatin (MLE) series of 2009