Home⇛International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research⇛vol. 4 no. 9 (2023)

Nutritional Knowledge and Dietary Habits of Student-Athletes in a State University: Towards a Contextualized Nutrition Education Plan

Ma. Jim Rushty M De Jesus | Leanne N Fabian | Jersey C Javeluna | Saycell D Laquimin | Criselda Mae D Cayanan | Stephanie G. Dizon

 

Abstract:

Sustainable Development Goal 2 aims to end hunger, achieve food security, improve nutrition, and promote healthy and sustainable diets. Student-athletes deal with unique challenges due to the demands of physical and mental requirements of their sports, making proper nutrition and dietary habits crucial for their overall health and performance. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the relationship between nutritional knowledge and dietary habits among State Colleges and Universities Athletic Association (SCUAA) Athletes at a state university in Pampanga, Philippines, as a basis for the development of a contextualized Nutrition Education Plan (NEP). The study was grounded on a postpositivist philosophical worldview that employed a quantitative non-experimental approach, specifically a correlational design. A total of 177 student-athletes were assessed for their nutritional knowledge and dietary habits using survey questionnaires. It was determined that student-athletes’ level of nutritional knowledge was described as “knowledgeable” while their perceived dietary habits were described as “good”, but still, there is an area for continued improvement. Meanwhile, it was found that there was no significant difference between nutritional knowledge and dietary habits of student-athletes when grouped according to their demographic profile. On the other hand, there was a significant but weak positive relationship between nutritional knowledge and dietary habits of studentathletes. The results of student-athletes’ nutritional knowledge and dietary habits paved the way for a contextualized NEP anchored on the student-athlete. The study recommends generalizing the NEP and considering the other athletes who also need nutrition and dietary habits improvement.



References:

  1. Aishwarya, R. (2021). Nutritional knowledge and attitudes of physical education stu-dents in Thiruvananthapuram district, Kerala. Journal of Scientific Research, 65(04), 83–87. https://doi.org/10.37398/jsr.2021.650414.
  2. Alaunyte, I., Perry, J. R. B., & Aubrey, T. (2015). Nutritional knowledge and eating habits of professional rugby league players: Does knowledge translate into practice?. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 12(1), 18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-015-0082-y.
  3. Ali, A., Al-Siyabi, M. S., Waly, M. I., & Kilani, H. (2015). Assessment of nutritional knowledge, dietary habits and nutrient intake of university student athletes. Pa-kistan Journal of Nutrition, 14(5), 293 – 299. https://doi.org/10.3923/pjn.2015.293.299.
  4. Andrews, A., Wojcik, J. R., Boyd, J. M., & Bow-ers, C. W. (2016). Sports nutri-tion knowledge among mid-major divi-sion I university student-athletes. Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism, 2016, 1 – 5. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/3172460.
  5. Azizam, N. A., Yusof, S. R., Amon, J. J., Ah-mad, A., Safii, N. S., & Jamil, N. R. (2022). Sports nutrition and food knowledge among Malaysian University athletes. Nutrients, 14(3), 572. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14030572.
  6. Bird, S., & Rushton, B. D. (2020). Nutritional knowledge of youth academy ath-letes. BioMed Central Nutrition, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40795-020-00360-9.
  7. Birkenhead, K., & Slater, G. W. (2015). A re-view of factors influencing athletes’ food choices. Sports Medicine, 45(11), 1511–1522. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-015-0372-1.
  8. Black, M. M., Delichatsios, H. K., & Story, M. (2019). Nutrition education: Strategies for improving nutrition and healthy eat-ing in individuals and communities. In Nestlé Nutrition Institute Workshop se-ries, 92, 7 – 9. https://doi.org/10.1159/isbn.978-3-318-06528-2.
  9. Brown, M. M., & Tenison, E. (2018). Creation of a dual-purpose collegiate ath-lete nutrition advising program and edu-cational curriculum. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 50(10), 1046 – 1052. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2018.07.004.
  10. Cheikh Ismail, L., Osaili, T. M., Mohamad, M. N., Al Marzouqi, A., Jarrar, A. H., Abu Jamous, D. O., Magriplis, E., Ali, H. I., Al Sabbah, H., Hasan, H., AlMarzooqi, L. M. R., Stojanovska, L., Hashim, M., Shaker Obaid, R. R., Saleh, S. T., & Al Dhaheri, A. S. (2020). Eating habits and lifestyle dur-ing COVID-19 lockdown in the United Ar-ab Emirates: A cross-sectional study. Nu-trients, 12(11), 3314. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12113314.
  11. Coombe, C., Anderson, N. J., & Stephenson, L. (2020). Professionalizing Your English Language Teaching. Springer Nature. https://10.0.3.239/978-3-030-34762-8_27. 
  12. Cresswell, J. (2012). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluat-ing quantitative and qualitative research. Edwards Brothers, Inc.
  13. Cresswell, J. (2014). Research design: Qualita-tive, qualitative, and mixed meth-ods approaches. SAGE Publications, Inc.
  14. Data Privacy Act of 2012, N. P. C. §§ 8-11 (2012). https://www.privacy.gov.ph/data-privacy-act/#1.
  15. Eck, K. M., & Byrd-Bredbenner, C. (2021). Food choice decisions of collegiate division I athletes: A qualitative exploratory study. Nutrients, 13(7), 2322. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13072322.
  16. Elias, S. M., & Rizal, I. N. B. M. (2021). Dietary habits and body mass index between ath-letes and nonathletes of UiTM. Malaysian Journal of Movement Health & Ex-ercise, 10(1), 12 – 17. https://doi.org/10.15282/mohe.v10i1.492.
  17. Erdoğan, R., Yilmaz, M., & Aydemir, I. (2021). Determination of physical education and sports teachers’nutrition habits and physical activity levels in the global epi-demic (Covid-19) process. Asian Journal of Education and Training, 7(1), 51–59. https://doi.org/10.20448/journal.522.2021.71.51.5.
  18. FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP and WHO. (2022). In Brief to The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2022. Repur-posing food and agricultural policies to make healthy diets more affordable. 36. https://doi.org/10.4060/cc0640en.
  19. Folasire, O. F., Akomolafe, A. A., & Sanusi, R. A. (2015). Does nutrition knowledge and practice of athletes translates to enhanced athletic performance? Cross-sectional study amongst Nige-rian undergraduate athletes. Global Journal of Health Science, 7(5), 215 – 225. https://doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v7n5p215
  20. Galabada, J. K. (2022). Towards the sustain-able development goal of zero hunger: What role do institutions play?. Sustaina-bility, 14(8), 4598. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14084598.
  21. Galali, Y. (2021). The impact of covid 19 con-finement on the eating habits and life-style changes: A cross sectional study. Food Science & Nutrition, 9(4), 2105–2113. https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.2179.
  22. Global Hunger Index (GHI) - peer-reviewed annual publication designed to comprehensively measure and track hunger at the global, regional, and country levels. (2022). https://www.globalhungerindex.org/philippines.html.
  23. Hakli, G., Asil, E., Ucar, A., Ozdogan, Y., Yilmaz, M. V., Ozcelik, A. O., Surucu-oglu, M. S., Cakiroglu, F. P., & Akan, L. S. (2016). Nutritional knowledge and be-havior of adults: Their relations with so-ciodemographic factors. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 15(6), 532 – 539. https://doi.org/10.3923/pjn.2016.532.39.
  24. Heale, R., & Twycross, A. (2015). Validity and reliability in quantitative stud-ies. Evidence-Based Nursing, 18(3), 66–67. https://doi.org/10.1136/eb-2015102129.
  25. Heikkilä, M., Lehtovirta, M., Autio, O., Fo-gelholm, M., & Valve, R. (2019). The im-pact of nutrition education intervention with and without a mobile phone applica-tion on nutrition knowledge among young endurance athletes. Nutri-ents, 11(9), 2249. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11092249.
  26. Heikkilä, M., Valve, R., Lehtovirta, M., & Fo-gelholm, M. (2017). Nutrition knowledge among young Finnish endurance athletes and their coaches. Interna-tional Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 28(5), 522 – 527. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2017-0264.
  27. Hodes, J. S., James, T. C., Martin, G., & Milliner, K. (2015). Go for the win: A collaborative model for supporting student-athletes. The Learning Assistance Review, 20(1), 47–60. http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1058010.pdf.
  28. Huang, Z., Huang, B., & Huang, J. (2021). The relationship between nutrition knowledge and nutrition facts table use in China: A structural equation model. In-ternational Journal of Environmental Re-search and Public Health, 18(12), 6307. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126307.
  29. Hull, M. G., Jagim, A. R., Oliver, J. M., Green-wood, M. J., Busteed, D. R., & Jones, M. T. (2016). Gender differences and access to a sports dietitian influence dietary habits of collegiate athletes. Journal of the In-ternational Society of Sports Nutri-tion, 13(1), 38.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-016-0149-4.
  30. Intiful, F. D., Oddam, E., Kretchy, I. A., & Quampah, J. (2019). Exploring the relationship between the big five per-sonality characteristics and dietary hab-its among students in a Ghanaian univer-sity. BioMed Central Psychology, 7(1), 1 – 7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-019-0286-z.
  31. Jusoh, N., Lee, J. L. F., Tengah, R. Y., Azmi, S. H., & Suherman, A. (2021). Associa-tion between nutrition knowledge and nutrition practice among Malaysian ado-lescent handball athletes. Malaysian Journal of Nutrition, 27(2). https://doi.org/10.31246/mjn-2020-0113.
  32. Kaur, P., Stoltzfus, J., & Yellapu, V. (2018). De-scriptive statistics. International Journal of Academic Medicine, 4(1), 60. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijam.ijam_7_18.
  33. Klein, D. J., Eck, K. M., Walker, A., Pellegrino, J. G., & Freidenreich, D. J. (2021). Assessment of sport nutrition knowledge, dietary practices, and sources of nutrition information in NCAA division III collegiate athletes. Nutri-ents, 13(9), 2962. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13092962.
  34. Kumanyika, S., Afshin, A., Arimond, M., Lawrence, M., McNaughton, S. A., & Nishida, C. (2020). Approaches to defin-ing healthy diets: A background paper for the international expert consultation on sustainable healthy diets. Food and Nutri-tion Bulletin, 41(2), 7 – 30. https://doi.org/10.1177/0379572120973111.
  35. Labban, L. (2015). Nutritional knowledge as-sessment of Syrian University stu-dents. Journal of the Scientific Society, 42(2), 71. https://doi.org/10.4103/0974-5009.157031.
  36. Lawson, S. T., Gardner, J. C., Carnot, M. J., Lackey, S. S., Lopez, N. V., & Sutliffe, J. T. (2020). Assessing the outcomes of a brief nutrition education intervention among division I football student-athletes at moderate altitude. The Sport Journal, 23(27). https://thesportjournal.org/article/assessing-the-outcomes-of-a-brief-nutrition-education-intervention-among-division-i-football-student-athletes-at-moderate-altitude/.
  37. Lee-Pineda, K., Pagarigan, S. C., Capucao, R. P., Cruz, F. G., Obispo, R. L., Romey, A. A., Sotelo, M. R. H. R., & Vasquez, N. M. (2021). Dietary habits and nutrition-al knowledge of selected Philippine na-tional combat athletes: A cross-sectional study. Philippine Journal of Allied Health Sciences, 5(1), 80. https://doi.org/10.36413/pjahs.0501.010.
  38. Lynn, M. R. (1986). Determination and quanti-fication of content validity. Nursing Re-search. 36(6), 382-85. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006199198611000-00017.
  39. Mapes, B. R., Prager, S. D., Béné, C., & Gonza-lez, C. E. (2022). Healthy and sustaina-ble diets from today to 2050—The role of international trade. Public Library of Sci-ence One, 17(5). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0264729.
  40. Montecalbo, R. C., & Cardenas, R. C. (2015). Nutritional knowledge and dietary habits of Philippine collegiate athletes. International Journal of Sports Science, 5(2), 45–50. https://doi:10.5923/j.sports.20150502.01.
  41. National Commission for the Protection ofHu-man Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research. (1979). The Belmont report: Ethical principles and guidelines for the protection of human subjects of research. U.S. Department of Health and Human Ser-vic-es. https://www.hhs.gov/ohrp/sites/default/files/the-belmont-report 508c_FINAL.pdf.
  42. Neufeld, L. M., Hendriks, S., & Hugas, M. (2023). Healthy diet: A definition for the United Nations food systems summit 2021. Science and Innovations for Food Systems Transformation, 21–30. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-03115703-5_3.
  43. Noronha, D. J., Santos, M. B., Santos, A. A., Cor-rente, L. G. A., Fernandes, R. J. G., Barreto, A. L. S., De Jesus Santos, R. G., Santos, R., De Souza Gomes, L. P., & Nascimento, M. V. M. (2020). Nutrition knowledge is correlated with a bet-ter dietary intake in adolescent soccer players: A cross-sectional study. Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism, 2020, 1 – 7. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/3519781.
  44. Olatona, F. A., Onabanjo, O., Ugbaja, R. N., Nnoaham, K. E., & Adelekan, D. A. (2018). Dietary habits and metabolic risk factors for non-communicable diseases in a university undergraduate population. Journal of Health Population and Nutri-tion, 37(1), 1 – 9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-0180152-2.
  45. Pakkan, S., Sudhakar, C., Tripathi, S., & Rao, M. (2022). A correlation study of sustainable development goal (SDG) interactions. Quality & Quantity, 57, 1937–1956. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-02201443-4.
  46. Paugh, S. L. (2005). Dietary habits and nutri-tional knowledge of college athletes. Cali-fornia University of Pennsylvania. http://libweb.calu.edu/thesis/umi-cup-1011.pdf.
  47. Philippine Health Research Ethics Board. (2017). National Ethical Guidelines for Health and Health-Related Research. https://ethics.healthresearch.ph/index.php/phoca-downloads/category/4-neg.
  48. Pineda, K. L., Cardenas, A., Esteban, R. A., Pa-garigan, S. C., Quilala, R. a. M., Se, J. P., & Servañez, N. (2019). The Filipino dietary habits and nutrition knowledge questionnaire (DHNKQ- FIL): A psychometric study. Philip-pine Journal of Allied Health Scienc-es, 3(1), 80 - 82. https://doi.org/10.36413/pjahs.0301.006.
  49. Preedy, V. R., and Watson, R. R. (2010). Die-tary habits. Handbook of Disease Burdens and Quality of Life Measures,4189. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-78665-0_5487.
  50. Randles, A. (2018). Dietary behaviors & per-ceived nutrition availability of small col-lege student-athletes: A pilot project. The Sport Journal, 21, 1 – 18. https://thesportjournal.org/article/dietary-behaviors-perceived-nutrition-availability-of-small-college-student-athletes-a-pilot-project/ .
  51. Sachs, J. D., Kroll, C., Lafortune, G., Fuller, G., & Woelm, F. (2022). Sustaina-ble Development Report 2022. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009210058.
  52. Sánchez-Díaz, S., Yanci, J., Del Castillo, D., Scanlan, A. T., & Raya-González, J. (2020). Effects of nutrition education in-terventions in team sport players. A sys-tematic review. Nutrients, 12(12), 3664. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12123664.
  53. Scalvedi, M. L., Gennaro, L., Saba, A., & Rossi, L. (2021). Relationship be-tween nutrition knowledge and dietary intake: An assessment among a sample of Italian adults. Frontiers in Nutrition, 8, 714493. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2021.714493.
  54. Sedek, R., & Yih, T. Y. (2014). Dietary habits and nutrition knowledge among ath-letes and non-Athletes in national univer-sity of Malaysia (UKM). Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 13(12), 752. https://doi.org/10.3923/pjn.2014.752.759.
  55. Singh, A. S., & Masuku, M. B. (2014). Sampling techniques & determination of sam-ple size in applied statisticsresearch: An overview. International Journal of Eco-nomics, Commerce and Management, 2(11), 1 – 22. https://ijecm.co.uk/wpcontent/uploads/2014/11/21131.pdf.
  56. Sustainable Development Goals | United Na-tions Development Programme. (n.d.). UNDP https://www.undp.org/sustainable-development-goals?utm_source=EN.
  57. Sutanapong, C., & Louangrath, P. I. (2015). De-scriptive and inferential statis-tics. International Journal of Research & Methodology in Social Science, 1(1), 22-35. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1319900.
  58. Sutliffe, J. T., Gardner, J. C., Gormley, J. M., Car-not, M. J., & Adams, A. (2019). Assessing the dietary quality and health status among Division 1 College Athletes at moderate altitude. The Sport Journal, 22, 1543-9518. https://thesportjournal.org/article/assessing-the-dietary-quality-and-health-status-among-division-1-college-athletes-at-moderate-altitude/.
  59. Tahreem, A., Rakha, A., Rabail, R., Nazir, A., Socol, C. T., Maerescu, C. M., & Aadil, R. M. (2022). Fad diets: Facts and fiction. Frontiers in Nutrition, 9, 1. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.960922.
  60. Tam, R., Gifford, J. A., & Beck, K. L. (2022).Recent developments in the as-sessment of nutrition knowledge in ath-letes. Current Nutrition Reports, 11(2), 241–252. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13668-022-00397-1.
  61. Tugli, L. S., Adoju, A. O. F., Abonie, U. S., Tugli, F. M., & Tobin-West, H. S. (2022). Socioeconomic standards, nutri-tional knowledge and dietary habits of Ghanaian athletes: A study of three major sporting regions in Ghana. Journal of Advances in Sports and Physical Edu-cation, 5(5), 77-95. https://doi.org/10.36348/jaspe.2022.v05i05.001.
  62. Vázquez-Espino, K., Rodas, G., & Farran-Codina, A. (2022). Sport nutrition knowledge, attitudes, sources of infor-mation, and dietary habits of sport-team athletes. Nutrients, 14(7), 1345. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14071345.
  63. Weinstock, M., & Mazzeo, S. E. (2022). College students’ perceptions of individuals following popular diets and individuals with orthorexia nervosa. Eating Behaviors, 47, 101671. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2022.101671.
  64. Wells, E. A., Avery, M. L., Catanzarito, B., Wil-son, B., & Bunn, J. A. (2016). Assess-ment of breakfast and physical activity habits in college students at a rural pri-vate institution. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 16(3), 770–775. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2016.03123.
  65. Werner, E. N., Guadagni, A. J., & Pivarnik, J. M. (2020). Assessment of nutrition knowledge in division I college athletes. Journal of American College Health, 70(1), 248 – 255. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2020.1740234.
  66. World Health Organization: WHO. (2019). Nu-trition. https://www.who.int/health-topics/nutrition#tab=tab_1.

 


Tools


Copyright © 2024  KITE Digital Educational Solutions |  Exclusively distributed by CE-Logic