Organically Grown Arabica Coffee in Mountain Province: Growing Areas, Production Practices, Varieties, Pest and Diseases

Belinda  A. Tad-awan,; Von  Y. Amado,; Joyce  D. Mauricio,; Valentino  Macanes,; Lome  Barrozo,

Organically Grown Arabica Coffee in Mountain Province: Growing Areas, Production Practices, Varieties, Pest and Diseases

Valentino Macanes | Belinda A. Tad-awan | Lome Barrozo | Von Y. Amado | Joyce D. Mauricio

Abstract:

The scope of the study conducted in 2015-2016 covered seven municipalities of Mountain Province namely: Barlig, Bauko, Besao, Bontoc, Sabangan, Sagada, and Tadian. Purposive sampling and focus group discussions were employed to organic producers of Arabica coffee to identify growing areas, production practices, varieties and pests and diseases. In-situ identification and characterization of Arabica coffee varieties were done using IPGRI descriptors list. Results revealed 103 farmers with 23.99 hectares planted to 26,378 Arabica coffee trees for organic production. The areas are suitable and all the farmers practice Agroforestry System in their backyards for coffee production. The farmers used wildlings as planting materials with closely planted trees and no fertilization. Few practice rejuvenation. The varieties grown are Typica, Bourbon Red, San Ramon, Granica and Mundo Novo. These varieties have elliptic leaves, small white very fragrant flowers, green unripe berries but colors vary during ripening. The varieties have spreading primary branches except San Ramon which has short branches. One hundred one Arabica coffee accessions were documented. Laboratory examinations were conducted for pests and diseases identification. The plant diseases are coffee leaf rust (Hemeleia vastratix B. and Br.), sooty mold (Capnodium brasilensis Put.), brown eye spot (Cercospora coffeicola Berk, Cke), coffee berry diseases (Colletotrichum kahawae Waller and Bridge), die back (Colletotrichum spp. Noack), brown leaf spot (Phoma costaricensis Ech.) and anthracnose (Colletotrichum coffeanum Noack). The insect pests found are scale insects (Coccus viridis Green), coffee berry borer (Hypothemus hampei Ferrari) and stem borer (Zeuzera coffea Nietner).

References:

Basalong, A. B. (2006). Crop Protection Studies for Arabica Coffee. BSU Agency In-House Review Report, La Trinidad, Benguet.
Bigirimana, J., Njoroge, K., Gahakwa, D., Phiri, N.A. (2012). Incidence and severity of coffee leaf rust and other coffee pests and diseases in Rwanda. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 7 (26), 3847-3852.
Coffee Research Institute. (n.d.). Coffee Cupping. Retrieved from http://www.coffeeresearch.org/coffee/cupping.html
Department of Agriculture - Cordillera Administrative Region (DA-CAR). (2000). Congress Outputs. First National Coffee Congress, Baguio City.
Da matta, F.M., Maestri, M and Barros, R. S. (1998). Photosynthetic performance of two coffee species under drought. Photosynthetica 34(2), 257-264.
Da matta, F. M. (2003). Ecophysiological constraints on the production of shaded and unshaded coffee: a review.pdf file.
Department of Agriculture. (2000). Coffee. Regional Coffee Consultation Dialogue. Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet. Retrieved from http://www.bar.gov.ph/Agritech/Crops/coffee/coffee_research_technology.htm
Department of the Interior and Local Government - Cordillera Administrative Region (DILG-CAR). (2017). Mountain Province Facts. Retrieved from http://www.dilgcar.com/index.php/2015-07-10-09-39-31/province-of-mt-province. Mar. 23, 2017.
Gole, T.W., Denich, M., Teketay, D. and Vlek, P.L.G. (2001). Human Impacts on the Coffea arabica Genepool in Ethiopia and the Need for its in-situ Conservation, In: Managing Plant Genetic Diversity. eds Engels, J.M.M., Ramanatha Rao, V., Brown,
A.H.D. and Jackson, M.T. IPGR, 237-247.
International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI). (2010). Conservation and Use. Retrieved from http://www.bioversityinternational.org/
International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI). (1996). Description for coffee (Coffea sp. and Psilanthus sp.). International Plant Genetic Resource Institute, Rome
Killip, T. (2010). Promoting Arabica coffee for the Cordillera Highlands. Agri Business Week. Retrieved from http://www.agribusinessweek.com/promoting-arabica-coffee-for-the-cordillera-highlands/
Krishnan, S. (2013). Current status of coffee genetic resources and implications for conservation. CAB Reviews, 8(16), 1–9.
Kufa, T. (2010, February). Environmental sustainability and coffee diversity in Africa. In ICO world coffee conference (26-28).
Lashermes, P., Combes, M. C., Robert, J., Trouslot, P., D’Hont, A., Anthony, F., and Charrier, A. (1999). Molecular characterization and origin of the Coffea arabica L. genome. Molecular and General Genetics MGG, 261(2), 259-266.
Macanes, V. L. and Basalong, A. B. (2001). Ten-Year Arabica Coffee Research and Development Program in Benguet and Mountain Province. BSU Agency In-House Review Report, La Trinidad, Benguet.
Macanes, V. L. and Luis J. S. (2006). Assessment on the occurrence and severity of Diseases Infecting Arabica coffee in Benguet Province. BSU Research Journal, 46.
Nowak, M. D., Davis, A. P. and Yoder, A. D. (2012). Sequence data from new plastid and nuclear COSII regions resolves early diverging lineages in Coffea (Rubiaceae). Systematic Botany, 37(4), 995-1005.
Philippine Council for Agriculture, Aquatic and Natural Resources Research and Development (PCARRD). (1982). The Philippine Recommends for Coffee. 3-48.
Pohlan, H. A. J., & Janssens, M. J. (2010). Growth and production of coffee. Soils, plant growth and crop production, 3, 101.
Tad-awan, B. A., Amado, V. Y., & Doco, J. D. (2013). Growing areas and traditional production practices of Arabica coffee in Benguet. Mountain Journal of Science and Interdisciplinary Research (formerly Benguet State University Research Journal), 70, 34-63.
Tad-awan, B. A. and Doco, J. D. (2010). Germplasm Collection, Diversity Analysis, Evaluation and Gene banking of Coffea Spp. in Different Agro-ecological Zones of Benguet. Paper presented during the BSU In-house Review. La Trindad, Benguet.
Teofilo, L. (2014). Arabica Coffee Production in Mountain Province. Unpublished Doctorate Dissertation. Benguet State University.
Van Der Vossen, H.M., Bertrand B. and Charrier, A. (2015). Next generation variety development for sustainable production of arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.): a review. Euphytica, 204(2), 243-256.
Winston, E., Op De Laak, J., Marsh, T., Lempke, H., Chapman, K., Aung, O., & Nyunt, T. (2005). Arabica Coffee Manual for Myanmar.
Wintgens, J. N. (2009). Coffee: Growing, Processing, Sustainable Production: A Guidebook for Growers. Technology and Engineering. Retrieved from http://books.google.com.ph/book