Home⇛Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal⇛vol. 11 no. 8 (2023)

Understanding Group Cohesion and Teamwork Among College Students in Online Learning

Rexur Mar Dulinayan | Juben Ira Mariano | Maylyn Grace Abella | Jasmine Nicole Layugan | Kristine Ann Israel

Discipline: Education

 

Abstract:

The shift from face-to-face to online mode of learning has impacted student’s teamwork. Existing studies show its relevance mostly to sports, medical fields, organizations, and the workplace but limited to academic settings, especially in the online mode of learning. Thus, the pursuit of the study that aims to explore the role of group cohesion to teamwork among college students at Saint Mary’s University (SMU) during online learning (n=365). This project uses a quantitative approach, utilizing descriptive-comparative-correlational survey design. Descriptive surveys are used to measure the demographic profile, the level of group cohesion, and the level of teamwork of the respondents. Moreover, a comparative approach is used to contrast the level of group cohesion and teamwork of college students to their demographic profile. Furthermore, a correlational approach is used to determine the relationship of the level group cohesion and teamwork. Results revealed that group cohesion and teamwork vary between sexes, ages, schools and year levels, and group sizes. Moreover, results presented a positive relationship of group cohesion and teamwork. Therefore, with respect to the results of the study, recommendation for the institution, college students, teachers/instructors, and future researchers were made.



References:

  1. Alawamleh, M., Al-Twait, L. M., & Al-Saht, G. R, (2022). The effect of online learning on communication between instructors and students during Covid-19 pandemic. Asian Education and Development Studies, 11 (2), 380-400. https://doi.org/10.1108/AEDS-06-2020-0131
  2. Albert, M.B. (2019). The relationship between leadership style and group cohesion in outdoor education. Research in Outdoor Education, 17, 38-58. doi:10.1353/roe.2019.0002.
  3. Alghamdi, A., & Bach, C. (2018). Developing Teamwork at Workplace. In international journal of business and management invention. (IJBMI), 2319. https://www.ijbmi.org/papers/Vol(7)2/Version-3/D0702032840.pdf
  4. APA Dictionary of Psychology. (2022). Dictionary.apa.org. https://dictionary.apa.org/team?fbclid=IwAR3QKKtea300JI9TpJQFpdsD_hkx78nwLFudg96KvXGIEWnsbrXgNfSmvc
  5. Barrot, J.S., Llenares, I., & Del Rosario, L., (2021). Students’ online learning challenges during the pandemic and how they cope with them: The case of the Philippines. Educ Inf Technol 26, 7321–7338. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-021-10589-x
  6.  Baticulon, R.E., Sy, J.J., Alberto, N.R.I. (2021). Barriers to online learning in the time of covid- 19: a national survey of medical students in the philippines. Med.Sci.Educ. 31, 615–626. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40670-021-01231-z
  7. Bilgin, C. & Gul, A. (2019). Investigating the effectiveness of gamification on group cohesion, attitude, and academic achievement in collaborative learning environments. Springer. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11528-019- 00442x?fbclid=IwAR109KNQAFPuR9PLGnpXWUvsoiIU5ZFkWcoOuwhijkfbDko42 1jfa0HblGo
  8. Birgisdóttir, B. (2019). The impact of interpersonal relationships within the workplace on job satisfaction among employees in  Iceland. https://skemman.is/bitstream/1946/33191/1/interpersonalrelationships- jobsatisfaction.pdf
  9. Brisimis, E., Bebetsos E., & Krommidas, C., (2018). Does group cohesion predict team sport athletes' satisfaction https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325314031_Does_group_Cohesion_predict_t eam_sport_athletes'_satisfaction
  10. Brisimis, E., Bebetsos, E., Krommidas, C. (2020). Influence of age on levels: Team cohesion, aggression & sport satisfaction. Retrieved from https://www.panr.com.cy/article/influence-of-age-on-levels-team-cohesion-aggression- sport-satisfaction/
  11. Brown, T., Yu, M., & Etherington, J. (2020). Are listening and interpersonal communication skills predictive of professionalism in undergraduate occupational therapy students? Health Professions Education, 6 (2), 187-200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpe.2020.01.001
  12. Chawla, C., & Jain, V. (2021). Teamwork on employee performance and organization growth. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/357869359_Teamwork_on_Employe e_Performance_and_Organization_Growth
  13. Costar, D. M., & Hall, K. K. (2020). Improving team performance and patient safety on the job through team training and performance support tools: a systematic review. Journal of Patient Safety, 16(3), S48–S56. https://doi.org/10.1097/pts.0000000000000746
  14. De Prada, E., Mareque, M., & Pino-Juste, M. (2022). Teamwork skills in higher education: Is university training contributing to their mastery? Psicol. Refl. Crít. 35(5). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41155-022-00207-1
  15. Dumblekar, V., & Dhar U. (2019). Psychological test: manual for team cohesion scale. Research Gate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/335920682_Psychological_Te st_Manual_for_Team_Cohesion_Scale?fbclid=IwAR0uRCYmETHETm0Xsnw2UK1u DEJ6B3YhZ9r-0-1qtnKDKlucHGEB1jjYTVY
  16. Dumblekar, V., Soranastaporn, S., Yamchuti, N., & Yamchuti, U. (2018). How do members interact in small teams? Results from a study in a simulation game. Nldimsr Innovision Journal of Management Research. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328451213_How_do_Members_Interact_in_ Small_Teams_Results_from_a_Study_in_a_Simulation_Game
  17. Eys, M., Coleman, T., & Crickard T. (2022). Group cohesion, the glue that helps teams stick together. Frontiers for young  minds. https://kids.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frym.2022.685318#:~:text=Team%20cohes ion%20and%20performance%20have,and%20social%20cohesion%20%5B2%5D
  18. Geresom, I. (2019). Enhancing group cohesiveness in organisations- An exploratory review. International journal of advanced research and publications. http://www.ijarp.org/published-research-papers/july2019/Enhancing- Group-Cohesiveness-In-Organisations-an-Exploratory-Review.pdf
  19. Gupta, M., & Bakker A. (2020). Future time perspective and group performance among students: role of student engagement and group cohesion. https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JARHE-05-2019-0128/full/html
  20. Harun, M.Z.M.B., & Mahmood, R.B. (2012). The relationship between group cohesiveness and performance: An empirical study of cooperatives movement in Malaysia.International Journal of Cooperative Studies,1. https://doi.org/10.11634/216826311706110
  21. Heller, J., Hall, R., & Notgrass, D. (2019). Moderating effect of team members' satisfaction with the group on the relationship between perceived leader effectiveness and level of group cohesion. International Journal of Management and Human Resources, 7(1), 1 - 24. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/354447654_Heller_J_Notgrass_D_Hall_R_2 019_Moderating_effect_of_team_members%27_satisfaction_with_the_group_on_the_ relationship_between_perceived_leader_effectiveness_and_level_of_group_cohesion_I nternational_Jour
  22. Hernandez, C., Galamai, A., Gandeza, E., & Costales, A. (2021). Online learning experiences of students and their attitudes toward teamwork.
  23. Hough, R., Juvina, I., & O'Neill, K. (2021). Counterfactual-based nudging and signaling promote more efficient coordination during group tasks. Comprehensive Results in Social Psychology.  DOI: 10.1080/23743603.2020.1860674
  24. Julius, N.T & Gloria, O (2020). Group cohesiveness and organizational effectiveness in the telecommunication sector, rivers state. International Journal of Advanced Academic Research, 6(3). https://www.ijaar.org/articles/v6n3/sms/ijaar-sms-v6n2-feb20-p18.pdf
  25. Kapur, R. (2022). Understanding the concept of mutual understanding among instructors and students in educational institutions of all levels. ResearchGate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/362058129_Understanding_the_Concept_of_ Mutual_Understanding_among_Instructors_and_Students_in_Educational_Institutions_of_all_Levels
  26. Khalil, R., Aldamegh, M., Alkhalifah, A., Almisnid, K., Al-Nafeesah, A., Al-wutayd, O., Fadda, W., & Mansour., A. (2020). The sudden transition to synchronized online learning during the covid-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia: A qualitative study exploring medical students’ perspectives. BMC Med Educ 20, 285. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909- 020-02208-z
  27. Kim, S., Choi, W., & Gregg, E. (2021). The relationship among authentic leadership, trust in coach, and group cohesion of college soccer players. International Journal of Applied Sports Sciences, 33(2), 219-230. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24985/ijass.2021.33.2.219
  28. Kindler, J. (2021). Group cohesiveness: Definition, factors, importance & consequences. https://study.com/academy/lesson/group-cohesiveness-definition-factors-importance- consequences.html#:~:text=Individuals%20in%20groups%20with%20high,behavior% 20and%20work%20in%20general
  29. Kniffin, K., & Hanks, A. (2018). The trade-offs of teamwork among stem doctoral graduates. https://psycnet.apa.org/fulltext/2018-23205-010.html?fbclid=IwAR1m07Txhtdh6evmFpPbPb_YOXwq-0e8hsGHuqS0-4FTCh- mtXLkc6XsSOc
  30. Konig, J., Jäger-Biela, D., & Glutsch, N. (2020). Adapting to online teaching during covid-19 school closure: Teacher education and teacher competence effects among early career teachers in germany. European Journal of Teacher Education, 43(4), 608-622. DOI: 10.1080/02619768.2020.1809650
  31. Lee, S. J., & Huang, K. (2018). Online interactions and social presence in online learning. Journal of Interactive Learning Research, 29(1),113–128. https://www.learntechlib.org/p/173242/?fbclid=IwAR2LyP7UFtzQ7UQqwvPDH_o9T oNXwf2f1_QbqXT7uxYuDAbpUgQ4xYEnzaE
  32. Lee, T. Y. (2020). Group cohesiveness and organizational commitment: Moderated by transformational leadership. Proceeding of Japan International Business and Management Research Conference, 1(1), 9–14. https://doi.org/10.31098/jibm.v1i1.211
  33. Maclntyre, P.D., Gregersen, T., & Mercer, S. (2020). Language teacher’s coping strategies during the covid-19 conversion to online teaching: Correlations with stress, wellbeing and negative emotions. ScienceDirect. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2020.1052
  34. Martin, E., Good, J. (2015). Strategy, team cohesion and team member satisfaction: The effects of gender and group composition. Computer in Human Behavior, 53, 536-543. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.06.013
  35. McLeod, J., Treuer K.V. (2013). Towards cohesive theory of cohesion. International Journal of Business and Social Researcher; 3(12). doi=10.1.1.684.4532&rep=rep1&type=pdf
  36. Miller, A.D. & Perry, R. (2018). The reasonable person. New York University Law Review, 87, 323-392. SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1883208
  37. Organizational Psychology Degrees (2022). What is goal orientation?        Retrieved from https://www.organizationalpsychologydegrees.com/faq/what-is-goal-orientation/
  38. O’Neil H., Wang S., Lee C., Mulkey J., & Baker E. (2002). Assessment of teamwork skills via a   teamwork questionnaire. Technology Applications in Education. https://books.google.com.ph/books?hl=en&lr=&id=ExmQAgAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=P T303&dq=teamwork%20collaboration%20questionnaire&ots=LwVscaYou_&sig=QR SIbhe- NCREDNLdnuYBtvqW5YM&redir_esc=y&fbclid=IwAR1t7rIhE8dTgZsOMl11lNez7-z1NHJGNisCqMcRkD1RmMvcJilZe71f-Fo#v=onepage&q=teamwork%20collaboration%20questionnaire&f=false
  39. Pacewicz, C.E., Smith, A., & Raedeke, T. (2020). Group cohesion and relatedness as predictors of self-determined motivation and burnout in adolescent female athletes. ScienceDirect. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2020.101709
  40. Paoletti, J., Gilberto, J., Beier, M.E., & Salas, E. (2020). The role of aging, age diversity, and age heterogenous teams. ResearchGate, 319-336. DOI:10.1007/978-3-030-24135-3_16 Poort, A. (2018). The effect of team cohesion on team performance and the role of problem- solving  strategies in teams  during a CPR simulation. http://essay.utwente.nl/76209/2/poort_MA_BMS.pdf
  41. Rashid, A. M. (2020). Relationship between learning environment and teamwork skills among final year students of vocational colleges. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 8(1A), 104–111. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2020.081314
  42. Rico, R., Manzanares, M., Gil, F., & Alcover, C. (2022). Coordination process in work teams. Research Gate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236631144_Coordination_process_in_work_t eams?fbclid=IwAR1XkOHFAIelT1qtUYzDo1HPUs6JNzc6YRzKx35GhYiR5AfVjQc PMxoI41c
  43. Rohmatunnisa, L.D. (2021). Leadership and teamwork in building organizational employee performance. International Journal of Educational Research and Social Sciences, 2(6). https://doi.org/10.51601/ijersc.v2i6.211
  44. Ponrani, M.M.G., & Stephen, S. (2014). Does age differentials affect team cohesion among women players? STAR  Research Journal,  2(4). http://starresearchjournal.com/2017/12/2014_v2_i4/paper3.pdf
  45. Rusu, O. (2020). The evaluation of cohesion in the sports groups within a Romanian city. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/336788218_The_Evaluation_of_Cohesion_in_the_Sports_Groups_within_a_Romanian_City
  46. Sajid, S., Karim, R., Mahmood-ul-Hassan, S., Qudus, A., & Tabassum, M. (2020). Impact of group cohesion and team efficacy on the performance of school volleyball players. Elementary Education Online, 19(3),   3355-3364. doi: 10.17051/ilkonline.2020.03.735501
  47. Sanyal, S., & Hisam, M. (2018). The impact of teamwork on work performance of employees: a study of faculty members in Dhofar University. IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 20(3), 15–22. https://doi.org/10.9790/487X-2003011522
  48. Saqr, M., Nouri, J., & Jormanainen I. (2019). A learning analytics study of the effect of group size on social dynamics and performance in online learning collaborative learning. ResearchGate, 466-479. DOI:10.1007/978-3-030-29736-7_35
  49. Sullivan, P.J. (1995). The relationship between communication and cohesion in inter-collegiate rugby players. Electronic Theses and Dissertations. https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/4204
  50. Tanner, O.C. (2018). The teamwork definition and fostering collaboration at work. Appreciate great   work. https://www.octanner.com/insights/articles/2018/9/13/the_teamwork_definit.html?fbcli d=IwAR31YIEBaSgYYoT7pv-SGLxmItUlfQXHD9h7k1tYRkUEHJSELFI5FaAGaII
  51. TenBoer, K. (2021). Team cohesion in the workplace. Russeltobin. https://www.russelltobin.com/culture/team-cohesion-in-the-workplace/
  52. Tosuntas, & Betul, S. (2020). Diffusion of responsibility in group work: Social loafing. Journal of Pedagogical Research, 4(3), 344-358. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1280794
  53. Turner, K.A. (2018). The relationship between sport leadership behavior, athlete satisfaction, and group cohesion of division 1 female soccer players: A correlational study. Grand Canyon University Proquest Dissertations Publishing. https://www.proquest.com/openview/c4fdaa6741b717a43e57e1b4a6c070ef/1?pq- origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y
  54. Tulin, M., Pollet, T.V.,& Lehmann-Willenbrock, N. (2018). Perceived group cohesion versus actual social structure: A study using social network analysis of egocentric Facebook networks. Social Science Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2018.04.004
  55. Wijayanti, T. (2020). Influence of interpersonal communication and teamwork on organization to enhance employee performance: A case study. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, 585. https://www.atlantis-press.com/proceedings/umgeshic- ishssh-20/125961880
  56. Wijayanti, T. C. (2021, October 21). Influence of interpersonal communication and teamwork on organization to enhance employee performance: A case study. Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.211020.060
  57. Wu, Q., and Cormican, K. (2021). Shared leadership and team effectiveness: An investigation of whether and when in engineering design teams. Frontiers in Psychology. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.569198/full?fbclid=IwAR3ZY d998vjVgpOF3y75xwZSy67tmUieTBEWhZ4t1pAkeCOirPCmgGrrhw4
  58. Yoon, P., & Leem, J. (2021). The influence of social presence in online classes using virtual conferencing: relationships between group cohesion, group efficacy, and academic performance. Sustainability, 13(4),:1988. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13041988 [Original source: https://studycrumb.com/alphabetizer]
  59. Yu, H., Shen, Z., Miao, C., Leung, C., Chen, Y., Fauvel, S., Lin, J., Cui, L., Pan, Z., & Yang, Q. (2017). A dataset of human decision-making in teamwork management. Scientific data, 4. https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2016.127
  60. Zhao, X. (2012). Asian college students’ perceived peer group cohesion, cultural identity, and college adjustment. All graduate theses and dissertations. 1336. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1336
  61. Zhu S., Wolfson, M., & Dalal, D. (2021). Team decision making: The dynamic effects of team decision style composition and performance via decision strategy. Sage Journals. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0149206320916232?fbclid=IwAR1PKW kduKRVXVsPgHrlEIxFm0K4x52ZjFx7i9MNCNDe3rwm-LcWPwYroHU

Tools


Copyright © 2024  KITE Digital Educational Solutions |  Exclusively distributed by CE-Logic