HomeDangal Research Journalvol. 3 no. 1 (2021)

A Circular Economy: Development of Solar Panel Dismantling and Photovoltaic Cell Recycling Facility in the Philippines

Claire R Faraon | Christine Roselle T Isiang | Angelica D Llones | Odezza Sophia D Autos | Jennifer A Rey | Mariner H Villanueva | Marincho B Monsanto Jr | Sarah C Vanguardia

Discipline: Mechanical Engineering

 

Abstract:

According to a study, when solar panels reach their end-of-life, which is in 25-30 years, no actual and concrete plans are presented on how to dispose (or reuse) the solar panel properly. K Tasnia, S Begum, Z Tasnim and MZR Khan explained that, as the PV power generation is increasing with time, so will the quantity of obsolete PV panels. Correct management and utilization will at a time defend our surroundings from being impure by the PV-waste, additionally it will support respectable price creation by adding support to our economy. This paper introduces the potential solution for the expected solar panel disposal and pollution after its end-of-life cycle. The dismantling and recycling facility has no existing competitors and is the first facility in the Philippines that can offer the said service. To prove its feasibility, the researchers have considered the technical, marketing, management, and financial aspect of the subject. The facility is located at the centroid of highest producing solar panel manufacturers and farms in the Philippines. Furthermore, its financial analysis shows that the facility will have a return of investment at fifty-four percent with a payback period of one-year and three hundred twentyeight days. The quantitative results indicate the feasibility of the development of solar panel dismantling and PV cell recycling facility in all aspect of the study.



References:

  1. S. P. A. Staff, "A History of Solar Cells: How Technology Has Evolved," Solar Power Authority, [Online]. Available: https://www.solarpowerauthority.com/a-history-of-solar-cells. [Accessed 6 November 2020].
  2. "Renewable Energy," Center for Climate and Energy Solutions, [Online]. Available: https://www.c2es.org/content/renewableenergy/#:~:text=Solar%20photovoltaics%20are%20the%20fastest,percent%20of%20the%20world%27s%20electricity. [Accessed 6 November 2020].
  3. "PH solar power plants among Southeast Asia’s top 25," PhilSolar, [Online]. Available: https://philsolar.ph/ph-solar-power-plants-among-southeast-asias-top-25/. [Accessed 7 November 2020].
  4. M. S. Chowdhury, K. S. Rahman, T. Chowdhury, N. Nuthammachot, K. Techato , M. Akhtaruzzaman, S. K. Tiong, K. Sopian and N. Amin, "An overview of solar photovoltaic panels’ end-of-life material recycling," January 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211467X19301245#fig5. [Accessed 7 November 2020].
  5. B. Wirtz, "Solar Panels Produce Tons of Toxic Waste—Literally," FEE, 18 November 2019. [Online]. Available: https://fee.org/articles/solar-panels-produce-tons-of-toxic-waste-literally. [Accessed 7 November 2020].
  6. D. G. f. I. Z. (. G. i. c. with, "IT’S MORE SUN IN THE PHILIPPINES Facts and Figures on Solar Energy in the Philippines," September 2013. [Online]. Available: https://www.doe.gov.ph/sites/default/files/pdf/netmeter/policy-brief-its-more-sun-in-the-philippines-V3.pdf. [Accessed 6 November 2020].
  7. K. B. S. T. Z. K. M. Tasnia, "End-of-Life Management of Photovoltaic Modules in Bangladesh," 2018. [Online]. Available: https://scihub.do/10.1109/ICECE.2018.8636782. [Accessed 7 November 2020].
  8. S. Chen, "China’s ageing solar panels are going to be a big environmental problem," 30 July 2017. [Online]. Available: https://www.scmp.com/news/china/society/article/2104162/chinas-ageing-solar-panels-are-going-be-big-environmental-problem. [Accessed 7 November 2020].
  9. M. K. H. Rabia, M. A. Abdelkareem, E. T. Sayed, K. Elsaid, K. J. Chae, T. Wilberforce and A. Olabi, "Environmental impacts of solar energy systems: A review," 1 February 2020. [Online].Available: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0048969720355182?via%3Dihub. [Accessed 7 November 2020].
  10. M. P. Mahmud, N. Huda, S. H. Farjana and C. Lang, "Environmental Impacts of Solar-Photovoltaic and Solar-Thermal Systems with Life-Cycle Assessment," September 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329235276_Environmental_Impacts_of_Solar-Photovoltaic_and_Solar_Thermal_Systems_with_Life-Cycle_Assessmen. [Accessed 7 November 2020].
  11. "Environmental Impacts of Solar Power," Union of Concerned Scientists, 5 March, 2013. [Online]. Available: https://www.ucsusa.org/resources/environmental-impacts-solar-power#:~:text=Most%20estimates%20of%20life%2Dcycle,dioxide%20equivalent%20per%20kilowatt%2Dhour. [Accessed 7 November 2020].
  12. C. Rotter, "Solar Panel Waste: A Disposal Problem," Watts Up with That, 23 December 2018. [Online]. Available: https://wattsupwiththat.com/2018/12/23/solar-panel-waste-a-disposal-problem/. [Accessed 7 November 2020].
  13. M. Shellenberger, "If Solar Panels Are So Clean, Why Do They Produce So Much Toxic Waste?," Forbes, 23 May 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.forbes.com/sites/michaelshellenberger/2018/05/23/if-solar-panels-are-so-clean-why-do-they-produce-so-much-toxic-waste/?sh=3b12d2e6121c. [Accessed 7 November 2020].
  14. T. Ha, "Asia's ticking solar time bomb: Without recycling laws, the region could drown in hazardous waste by 2030,"Eco-Business, 8 January 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.eco-business.com/news/asias-ticking-solar-time-bomb-without-recycling-laws-the-region-could-drown-in-hazardous-waste-by-2030. [Accessed 7 November 2020].
  15. J. H. Jo, Y. W. Suh and Y. S. Kim, "Management Strategies for Promoting Recycling of Waste Solar Panels," 2019. [Online]. Available: http://www.papersearch.net/thesis/article.asp?key=3688183. [Accessed 7 November 2020].
  16. N. McDonald and J. Pearce, "Producer responsibility and recycling solar photovoltaic modules," Energy Policy, vol. 38, no. 11, pp. 7041-7047, November 2010.
  17. Contributor, "Top 10 Countries That Use Solar Energy The Most," Solar Power Nerd, [Online]. Available: https://solarpowernerd.com/countries-that-use-solar-energy-the-most/. [Accessed 7 November 2020].
  18. J. Guy, "Solar power is now cheaper than the grid in hundreds of Chinese cities," CNN Business, 15 August 2019. [Online]. Available: https://edition.cnn.com/2019/08/15/business/china-solar-electricity-scli-intl/index.html. Accessed 7 November 2020].
  19. S. Lozanova, "The State of Solar Panel Recycling in the U.S.," Earth911, 4 February 2020. [Online]. Available: https://earth911.com/eco-tech/the-state-of-solar-panel-recyclingin-the-u-s/#:~:text=Lack%20of%20Solar%20Panel%20Recycling,no%20charge%20to%20the%20customer. [Accessed 7 November 2020].
  20. M. Bloch, "German Pilot Solar Panel Recycling Plant A Success," Solar Quotes Blog, 17 August 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.solarquotes.com.au/blog/solar-panel- recycling-mb0712. [Accessed 7 November 2020].
  21. S. Weckend, A. Wade and G. A. Heath , "End of Life Management: Solar Photovoltaic Panels," OSTI.GOV, 17 August 2016. [Online]. Available: https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1561525. [Accessed 7 November 2020].
  22. S. C. Vanguardia, Flow Analysis, 2019.
  23. D. o. Energy, List of Existing Power Plants, Department of Energy, 2020.
  24. List of Existing Power Plants - Visayas Grid, Department of Energy, 2020.
  25. List of Existing Power Plants - Mindanao grid, Department of Energy, 2020.
  26. "Pampanga to enact Environment Code," Bayanihan, 5 December 2012. [Online]. Available: http://bayanihan.org/2012/12/05/pampanga-to-enact-environment-code/. [Accessed 4 January 2021].
  27. "Section 22. Regulatory Provisions," Slideshare, [Online]. Available: https://www.slideshare.net/no2mininginpalawan/southcotabato-environmentcode. [Accessed 17 January 2021].
  28. AN ACT PROVIDING FOR THE ENVIRONMENT CODE OF BATANGAS CITY, Batangas City, 2010.
  29. Tax and Accounting Center Philippines, "Features of Real Property Taxation in the Philippines," Tax and Accounting Center, Inc., 2014. [Online]. Available: https://taxacctgcenter.ph/features-of-real-property-taxation-in-the-philippines/amp/. [Accessed 17 January 2021].
  30. V. Rastogi, "Corporate Taxes in the Philippines,"ASEAN Briefing, 3 October 2019. [Online]. Available: https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/corporate-taxes-philippines/#:~:text=All%20registered%20domestic%20and%20foreign,period%20through%20the%20CITIRA%20initiative. [Accessed 17 January 2021].
  31. "National Wages and Productivity Commission," Department of Labor and Employment, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://nwpc.dole.gov.ph/. [Accessed 17 January 2021].
  32. "Zonal Values - Bureau of Internal Revenue", Bir.gov.ph.[Online]. Available: https://www.bir.gov.ph/index.php/zonal-values.html#rdo021b. [Accessed: 21- Jun- 2021].
  33. S. Seth, “What Is the Formula for Calculating the Current Ratio?,” Investopedia, 19-May-2021. [Online]. Available: https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/070114/whatformula-calculating-current-ratio.asp. [Accessed: 21-Jun-2021].
  34. “Equity Ratio - Definition, How To Calculate, Importance,” Corporate Finance Institute, 07-Jan-2020. [Online]. Available: https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/knowledge/finance/equity-ratio/. [Accessed: 21-Jun-2021].
  35. “Debt ratio - What is the debt ratio?,” Debitoor. [Online]. Available: https://debitoor.com/dictionary/debt-ratio. [Accessed: 21-Jun-2021].
  36. S. Bragg, “Net profit margin definition,” Accounting Tools, 18-Apr- 2021. [Online]. Available: https://www.accountingtools.com/articles/what-is-net-profit-margin.html. [Accessed: 21-Jun-2021].
  37. R. Carlson, “What Is Gross Profit Margin?,” The Balance Small Business. [Online]. Available: https://www.thebalancesmb.com/what-is-the-gross-profit-margin-393201. [Accessed: 21-Jun-2021].
  38. A. Beattie, “How to Calculate Return on Investment (ROI),” Investopedia, 07-May-2021. [Online]. Available: https://www.investopedia.com/articles/basics/10/guide-to- calculating-roi.asp. [Accessed: 22-Jun-2021].
  39. “Return on Investment (ROI),” InvestingAnswers. [Online]. Available: https://investinganswers.com/dictionary/r/return-investment-roi. [Accessed: 21-Jun-2021].