HomeJournal of Interdisciplinary Perspectivesvol. 2 no. 4 (2024)

Perspectives of Mental Health Professionals on Self-Diagnosis and Romanticization of Mental Illnesses

Nathania Danielle Quijano | Angelie Jayne Naval | Darwin Ignacio

Discipline: Psychology

 

Abstract:

In today's interconnected world, many individuals worldwide have become susceptible to the influences of the rising trends of self-diagnosis and the romanticization of mental illnesses, primarily facilitated by online platforms. This study explored the viewpoints of mental health professionals on the trends of self-diagnosis and romanticization of mental illnesses, including concerns about the accuracy of self-diagnoses, the impact of romanticization on individuals, and potential interventions to mitigate the issues. This research narrows its focus on the first-hand experiences and insights shared by mental health professionals, precisely five (5) psychologists, and five (5) guidance counselors in General Santos City and Davao City, shedding light on how these trends significantly shape individuals' perceptions of mental health. Using Braun and Clarke's (2006) thematic analysis, results from semi-structured interviews highlighted the harmful impacts of these trends. Additionally, the findings suggest a need for increased awareness and education surrounding mental health, as well as collaborative efforts to counter the negative consequences of self-diagnosis and romanticization of mental illnesses.



References:

  1. Allison, S., Bastiampillai, T., Looi, J., & Maguire, P. (2020). Clinical update on managing media exposure and misinformation during COVID-19: recommendations for governments and healthcare professionals. Australasian Psychiatry, 29(1), 22–25. https://doi.org/10.1177/1039856220963947
  2. Antonio, C. A. T., & Rivera, A. L. (2017). Mental Health Stigma Among Filipinos: Time For A Paradigm Shift. Journal of Health Research, 21(2), 20–24. https://pjhrd.upm.edu.ph/index.php/main/article/view/172
  3. Arora, M., Sarkhel, S., & Singh, O. P. (2020). Clinical Practice Guidelines for Psychoeducation in Psychiatric Disorders General Principles of Psychoeducation. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 62(8), 319. https://doi.org/10.4103/psychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_780_19
  4. Aschbrenner, K. A., Bartels, S. J., Marsch, L. A., & Naslund, J. A. (2016). The future of mental health care: peer-to-peer support and social media. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences, 25(2), 113–122. https://doi.org/10.1017/s2045796015001067
  5. Aschbrenner, K. A., Bondre, A., Naslund, J., & Torous, J. (2020). Social media and mental Health: benefits, risks, and opportunities for research and practice. Journal of Technology in Behavioral Science, 5(3), 245–257. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41347-020-00134-x
  6. Asian Journal News. (2021). Report: Filipinos remain the most active internet, social media users globally. Asian Journal Press. https://www.asianjournal.com/philippines/across-the-islands/report-filipinos-remain-the-most-active-internet-social-media-users-globally/
  7. Becker, A. (2017). Youth and Popular Culture: It’s All About Influence and Interaction. youthESource. https://www.youthesource.com/2015/08/20/youth-and-popular-culture-its-all-about-influence-and-interaction/
  8. Belousov, M., Berry, N., Bucci, S., Emsley, R., Lobban, F., & Nenadic, G. (2017). #WhyWeTweetMH: Understanding why people use Twitter to discuss mental health problems. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 19(4), e107. https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.6173
  9. Berler, M., & Magaldi, D. (2020). Semi-structured Interviews. In Springer eBooks (pp. 4825–4830). Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24612-3_857
  10. Brady, E., Sanders, C., & Segar, J. (2016). “You get to know the people and whether they’re talking sense or not”: Negotiating trust on health-related forums. Social Science & Medicine, 162, 151–157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.06.029
  11. Brannan, G., Brannan, J., & Tenny, S. (2022). Qualitative Study. StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470395/
  12. Burnett, D. (2018). Mental health: awareness is great, but action is essential. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/science/brain-flapping/2018/may/15/mental-health-awareness-is-great-but-action-is-essential
  13. Cai, M., Cui, Y., & Luo, H., (2021). Spread of misinformation in social networks: Analysis based on Weibo tweets. Security and Communication Networks, 2021, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/7999760
  14. Carrier, S. (2023). The Problem with Mental Health Awareness. Painted Brain. https://rb.gy/r8cuy8
  15. Clark, A. (2023). Social Media and Mental Illness Identity Formation: The Role of Community Culture and Misinformation. ProQuest. https://rb.gy/69awuq
  16. Constantinides, E., & Herrando, C. (2021). Emotional Contagion: A Brief Overview and Future Directions. Frontiers in Psychology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.712606
  17. Cuason, S. (2022). The dangers of romanticizing mental illnesses. Lifestyle Inquirer. https://lifestyle.inquirer.net/409480/the-dangers-of-romanticizing-mental-illness/
  18. Department of Health, & Lea, W. (2014). Achieving Better Access to Mental Health Services by 2020. NHS England, 3.
  19. Dizikes, P. (2020). Why social media has changed the world — and how to fix it. MIT News | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. https://news.mit.edu/2020/hype-machine-book-aral-0924
  20. Dunn, E. R. (2017). Blue is the new black: How popular culture is romanticizing mental illness. https://digital.library.txstate.edu/handle/10877/6985
  21. Farnood, A. (2019). The effects of online self-diagnosis and health information seeking on the patient-healthcare professional relationship  - Enlighten Theses. https://theses.gla.ac.uk/82637/
  22. Farrell, A. (2018). Accuracy of online discussion forums on common childhood ailments. Journal of the Medical Library Association, 106(4). https://doi.org/10.5195/jmla.2018.355
  23. Flett, G. L., Goldberg, J. E., Hartman, L. I., Michel, N. M., Winter, A., & Young, R. R. (2013). Self-Stigma of Mental Illness in High School Youth. Canadian Journal of School Psychology, 28(1), 28–42. https://doi.org/10.1177/0829573512468846
  24. Ganancial, R. (2020). Mental health self-diagnosis dangerous. Palawan News. https://palawan-news.com/mental-health-self-diagnosis-dangerous/
  25. Gass, M. A. (2016). Risks and Benefits of Self-Diagnosis Using the Internet. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.13013/897
  26. George, T. (2022). Semi-Structured Interview | Definition, Guide & Examples. Scribbr. https://www.scribbr.co.uk/research-methods/semi-structured-interviews/
  27. Gupta, S., Kumar, A., & Singh, V. (2022). Mental Health Prevention and Promotion—A Narrative Review. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.898009
  28. Hamzehgardeshi, L., Hamzehgardeshi, Z., Hessam, S., & Vahdat, S. (2014). Patient Involvement in Health Care Decision Making: A Review. Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal, 16(1). https://doi.org/10.5812/ircmj.12454 
  29. Hughes, R. (2019). Time to change? A qualitative thematic analysis exploring younger people’s attitudes and awareness of mental Illness. https://e-space.mmu.ac.uk/623940/
  30. Ignacio, D. (2023). Exploring the Psychosocial Experiences and Mental Health Support of First-Generation Working College Students. World Education Connect Multidisciplinary E-publication, III(XII), 30. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10499798
  31. Ignacio, D. F. (2023). Virtual Care: Counseling Experiences of Guidance Counselors and Clients in the New Normal. International Journal of Applied Guidance and Counseling, 4(1).
  32. Inquirer, P. D. (2023). How social media glorifies and romanticizes mental illness | Inquirer Opinion. INQUIRER.net. https://opinion.inquirer.net/160554/how-social-media-glorifies-and-romanticizes-mental-illness
  33. Islam, M., & Rakib, M. M. I. (2020). Awareness of Students about Mental Health: A study on the students of Universities. Social Science Research Network. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3777216 
  34. Jadayel, J. J., Jadayel, R., & Medlej, K. (2015). Mental disorders: A glamorous attraction on social media? Journal of Teaching and Education. https://rb.gy/2fjihy
  35. Jutel, A., & Lupton, D. (2015). ‘It’s like having a physician in your pocket!’ A critical analysis of self-diagnosis smartphone apps. Social Science & Medicine, 133, 128–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.04.004
  36. Lally, J., Samaniego, R. M., & Tully, J. (2019). Mental health services in the Philippines. BJPsych International, 16(03), 62–64. https://doi.org/10.1192/bji.2018.34
  37. Lee, S. L., & Vidamaly, S. (2021). Young Adults’ Mental Illness Aesthetics on Social Media. International Journal of Cyber Behavior, Psychology, and Learning, 11(2), 13–32. https://doi.org/10.4018/ijcbpl.2021040102
  38. Mishra, A. (2020). Why There Is Romanticizing of Mental Disorders? https://psychologs.com/article/why-there-is-romanticizing-of-mental-disorders
  39. MSEd, K. C. (2023, July 7). Self-Serving Bias: What it is, examples, negative and positive effects. Verywell Mind. https://t.ly/5LjP5
  40. Nabors, N. A., Seacat, J. D., & Sickel, A. (2014). Mental health stigma update: A review of consequences. Advances in Mental Health, 12(3), 202–215. https://doi.org/10.1080/18374905.2014.11081898
  41. Neubauer, B., Varpio, L., & Witkop, C. (2019). How phenomenology can help us learn from the experiences of others. Perspectives on Medical Education, 8(2), 90–97. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40037-019-0509-2
  42. Nikolopoulou, K. (2022). What Is Purposive Sampling? | Definition & Examples. Scribbr. https://www.scribbr.co.uk/research-methods/purposive-sampling-method/
  43. Oumeddour Chiraz, D. G. (2021). Romanticizing Mental Illness in Jennifer Niven’s All the Bright Places. http://dspace.univ-guelma.dz/jspui/handle/12345678 9/12740
  44. Ruhl, C. (2023). Self-Serving Bias in Psychology Definition and Examples. Simply Psychology. https://simplypsychology.org/self-serving-bias.html
  45. Salerno, J. P. (2016). Effectiveness of universal school-based mental health awareness programs among youth in the United States: A systematic review. Journal of School Health, 86(12), 922–931. https://doi.org/10.1111/josh.12461
  46. Schipper, H. (2022). Beautiful suffering? An analysis on young people’s narratives of their experiences with mental illness on TikTok. https://repositori.upf.edu/handle/10230/54871
  47. Sharma, N. (2019). Impact Of Internet Guided Self Diagnosis On Doctor Patient Relationship- A Qualitative Study. https://jamsa.amsa-international.org/index.php/main/article/view/164
  48. Shrestha, A. (2018). Echo: The romanticization of mental illness on Tumblr. https://rb.gy/z1gxvy
  49. Tate, A. (2022). The Problem with the Media Glamorizing Mental Illness. The Prospector. https://binghamprospector.org/arts-and-entertainment/2022/05/24/the-problem-with-the-media-glamorizing-mental-illness/
  50. Thatcher, T. (2022). Dangers of Self Diagnoses | Guidance | Highland Springs. Highland Springs. https://tinyurl.com/bdhbd9tj
  51. The Jed Foundation. (2023). Tips for finding reliable mental health Websites I JED. https://jedfoundation.org/resource/tips-for-finding-reliable-mental-health-websites/
  52. Tuliao, A. P. (n.d.). Culture and Mental Health in the Philippines. Archīum Ateneo. https://archium.ateneo.edu/psychology-faculty-pubs/371/
  53. Understanding Confidentiality and Anonymity. (n.d.). The Evergreen State College. https://www.evergreen.edu/humansubjectsreview/confidentiality
  54. World Health Organization. (2013). Investing in Mental health: Evidence for action. WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data, 9–13. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/87232/9789241564618_eng.pdf
  55. Writer, B. M. R. A., & Writer, B. M. R. A. (2021b). Mental Illness in Media is Not a Trend - The Daily Utah Chronicle. The Daily Utah Chronicle - The University of Utah’s Independent Student Voice. https://dailyutahchronicle.com/2021/09/28/mental-illness-media-trend/
  56. Yang, Q. (2022). Suicide from Media Portrayals and Reality: Analysis of Netflix’s Serial 13 Reasons Why. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.220504.063
  57. Zhang, A. (2019). The illness of sickly beautification: romanticizing mental health. El Estoque. https://elestoque.org/2019/04/27/opinion/the-illness-of-sickly-beautification-romanticizing-mental-health/#photo
  58. Zoppi, L. (2020). What is mental health stigma? https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/mental-health-stigma