HomeJPAIR Multidisciplinary Research Journalvol. 53 no. 3 (2023)

The Administration of Moral Governance in the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao Government

Nasrudin Yusof | Saidamin P. Bagolong

Discipline: Education

 

Abstract:

e study aimed to analyze the administration of moral governance in the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao government. A descriptive case study using interview guide questions to gather the responses from the 14 participants utilizing purposive sampling to members of the parliament, ministers, religious and tribal leaders, and academic and business sector representatives. The data were refined and clarified by grouping ideas or concepts to form clusters using thematic analysis. As analyzed, moral Governance in Islam is based on the Qur’an and the Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.). It considers a governance of conscience coupled with good action and right behavior for the day-to-day operations and processes of the Bangsamoro government that must be duly implemented as the general habitual practice of all employees. It is the blend result of correct creed (aqeedah), good character (akhlaq), values (qiyam), integrity (nazaha), accountability (mas’ooliya), transparency (shafaafiya), and excellence (tamyeez). However, participants have confided that traditional politicians, leaders, and some professionals with secular knowledge having no or less background in Islamic laws and philosophies were some challenges they would encounter. Thus, to effectively administer moral governance, leadership should be based on Ibadah (worship), Ikhlas (sincerity), Hamd (praise), Sabr (patience), Taqwa (piety), Shura (consultation), Maslaha (public interest) and Tawakkul (reliance to God).



References:

  1. Ahmed, M. (2019). Rules of Management In Islam: A Review Of Literature. Journal of Islamic Civilization and Culture2(1).
  2. Alkaabi, A., Qablan, A., & Malhem, F. A. A. A. M. A. L. A. B. (2023). Experiences of university teachers with rotational blended learning during the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative case study. PLoS One, 18(10). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0292796
  3. Arifin, S. R. M. (2018). Ethical considerations in qualitative study. International Journal of Care Scholars, 1(2), 30–33.
  4. Arjomand, S. A. (2001). Authority in Shiism and Constitutional Developments in the Islamic Republic of Iran. In The Twelver Shia in Modern Times (pp. 301-332). Brill.
  5. Ashford, S. J., Sutcliffe, K. M., & Christianson, M. K. (2009). Speaking up and speaking out: The leadership dynamics of voice in organizations. Voice and silence in organizations, pp. 175, 202.
  6. Aspers, P., & Corte, U. (2019). What is Qualitative in Qualitative Research Content courtesy of Springer Nature. Springer, 42(February).
  7. Atia, M., & Herrold, C. E. (2018). Governing through patronage: The rise of N.G.O.s and the fall of civil society in Palestine and Morocco. Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, 29, 1044-1054.
  8. Aziz, N. M. A., & Ahmad, F. A. (2019). The Islamic Ethics and Morality in Aligning Integrity Function for the Conceptualisation of Islamic Accounting Concepts. Editorial Board, 172.
  9. Baxter, P., & Jack, S. (2008). Qualitative case study methodology: Study design and implementation for novice researchers. The Qualitative Report, 13(4), 544–559.
  10. Bettini, Y., & Head, B. W. (2016). Governance structures and strategies to support innovation and adaptability. Cooperative Research Centre for Water Sensitive Cities: Melbourne, Australia.
  11. Bhatti, M., & Bhatti, I. (2009). Development in legal issues of corporate governance in Islamic finance. Journal of Economic and Administrative Sciences25(1), 67–91.
  12. Bietti, E. (2020, January). From ethics washing to ethics bashing: a view on tech ethics from within moral philosophy. In Proceedings of the 2020 conference on fairness, accountability, and transparency (pp. 210–219).
  13. Bowman, J. S., & West, J. P. (2021). Public service ethics: Individual and institutional responsibilities. Routledge.
  14. Brillantes Jr, A. B., & Fernandez, M. T. (2011). Restoring trust and building integrity in government: Issues and concerns in the Philippines and areas for reform. International Public Management Review, 12(2).
  15. Cahya, B. T., Hanifah, U., Marpaung, M., & Lubis, I. S. (2019). The Development of Islamic Social Reporting As a Concept of Social Accountability Based on Sharia. KnE Social Sciences, 97-110.
  16. Canter, D. V., & Sarangi, S. (2009). The rhetorical foundation of militant jihad. Wiley-Blackwell.
  17. Cortina, A. (2007). Development ethics: A road to peace. The paper was presented at a public lecture honoring Prof. Denis Goulet, University of Notre Dame.
  18. Crossan, M., Mazutis, D., & Seijts, G. (2013). In search of virtue: The role of virtues, values, and character strengths in ethical decision making. Journal of Business Ethics, 113, 567-581.
  19. Downe, J., Cowell, R., & Morgan, K. (2016). What determines ethical behavior in public organizations: Is it rules or leadership? Public Administration Review, 76(6), 898–909.
  20. Dudgeon, P., Scrine, C., Cox, A., & Walker, R. (2017). Facilitating empowerment and self-determination through participatory action research: Findings from the National Empowerment Project. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 16(1), 1609406917699515.
  21. Eisenbeiß, S. A., & Brodbeck, F. (2014). Ethical and unethical leadership: A cross-cultural and cross-sectoral analysis. Journal of Business Ethics, 122, 343-359.
  22. Ekowati, D., Abbas, A., Anwar, A., Suhariadi, F., & Fahlevi, M. (2023). Engagement and flexibility: An empirical discussion about consultative leadership intent for productivity from Pakistan. Cogent Business & Management, 10(1), 2196041.
  23. ElKaleh, E., & Samier, E. A. (2013). The ethics of Islamic leadership: A cross-cultural approach for public administration. Administrative Culture, 14(2), 188-211.
  24. Emerson, R. M. (2019). Power-dependence relations. In Power in Modern Societies (pp. 48-58). Routledge.
  25. Fanon, F. (2016). 3 Religion and governance. Foundations of Islamic Governance, p. 68.
  26. Faris, N., & Abdalla, M. (2017). Leadership in Islam: Thoughts, processes, and solutions in Australian organizations. Springer.
  27. Faris, N., Abdalla, M., Faris, N., & Abdalla, M. (2018). Leadership in Islam is based on primary sources. Leadership in Islam: Thoughts, Processes, and Solutions in Australian Organizations, 9-25.
  28. Ghaus-Pasha, A. 2005. Role of civil society in governance. Paper presented at the Sixth Global Forum on Reinventing Government, Seoul, South Korea.
  29. Guba, E. G., & Lincoln, Y. S. (1994). Competing paradigms in qualitative research. Handbook of Qualitative Research, 2(163–194), p. 105.
  30. Hamoudah, M. M., Othman, Z., Abdul Rahman, R., Mohd Noor, N. A., & Alamoudi, M. (2021). Ethical leadership, ethical climate, and integrity violation: A comparative study in Saudi Arabia and Malaysia. Administrative Sciences, 11(2), 43.
  31. Harutyunyan, K. (2021). The Role of Parliaments in the Fight Against Corruption.
  32. Hendrikz, K., & Engelbrecht, A. S. (2019). The principled leadership scale: An integration of value-based leadership. S.A. Journal of Industrial Psychology, 45(1), 1-10.
  33. Hernando, C. M. (2020). Public Accountability in Regulatory Governance. Journal of Public Affairs and Development, 7, 133-162.
  34. Hinchliffe, G. (2006). Plato and the Love of Learning. Ethics and Education1(2), 117-131.
  35. Husni, M. (2022). Integration of the Civil Society Development of the Prophet Muhammad: Historical Perspective. Pappaseng: International Journal of Islamic Literacy and Society1(1), 47–57.
  36. Isfahani, M. N. (2012). Moral Governance of the Prophet Muhammad (S) Part II: Ethical Management of the Economy. Message of Thaqalayn13(1).
  37. Jamaa, L. (2018). Fatwas of the Indonesian Council of Ulama and its contributions to developing contemporary Islamic law in Indonesia. Indonesian Journal of Islam and Muslim Societies, 8(1), 29–56.
  38. Kem, J. D. (2016, April). Ethical Decision Making: Using the 'Ethical Triangle'. In the 2016 CGSC Ethics Symposium.
  39. Khairulyadi, K., & Ahmad, M. Y. (2017). Development from an Islamic Perspective. Jurnal Sosiologi USK (Media Pemikiran & Aplikasi), 11(2), 188-207.
  40. Khamis, A. (2022). The Bangsamoro: A Search For Autonomy. Education in Troubled Times: A Global Pluralist Response, p. 127.
  41. Kleidosty, J. (2018). Māwardī and Machiavelli: Reflections On Power in their Mirrors For Princes. Philosophy East and West, 68(3), 721–736.
  42. Kohlberg, L. (1981). Essays on Moral Development: The Philosophy of Moral Development (Vol. 1). Harper & Row.
  43. Kumar, V., & Dhiman, S. (2020). Happiness and workplace well-being: Transformational leadership and the role of ethical and spiritual values. The Palgrave Handbook of workplace well-being, pp. 1–44.
  44. Malik, M. (2017). Pertubuhan Jamaah Islah Malaysia and Good Governance (1991-2012). Ulum Islamiyyah21, 1-14.
  45. Malik, M. (2019). Constructing an Alternative Concept of Islamic Governance: A Maqāṣidic Approach.
  46. Memon, N. A., & Alhashmi, M. (2018). Islamic pedagogy: Potential and perspective. Islamic schooling in the West: Pathways to renewal, 169-194.
  47. Merriam, S. B., & Tisdell, E. J. (2015). Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation. John Wiley & Sons.
  48. Nasab, F. S. (2016). Islamic Leadership. Logos–časopis za filozofiju i religiju, 4(1), 157-170.
  49. Nuñez, M. A. O., & Guhao Jr, E. S. (2020). A Structural Equation Model on Human Performance of State Universities and Colleges in Region XI. Review of Integrative Business and Economics Research, 9, 431-474.
  50. Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2010). Essentials of nursing research: Appraising evidence for nursing practice. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
  51. Rafiki, A. (2020). Islamic leadership: Comparisons and qualities. Digital Leadership New Leadership Style for the 21st Century, pp. 1–16.
  52. Rosidi, M. H., Mokhtar, A. W. B., & Majid, M. N. B. A. (2022). The Role of Maqasid al-Shari’ah as a Fundamental Ethics in Social Media Use. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences.
  53. Sahin, A. (2018). Critical issues in Islamic education studies: Rethinking Islamic and Western liberal secular values of education. Religions, 9(11), 335.
  54. Salin, A. S. A. P., Manan, S. K. A., & Kamaluddin, N. (2020). Ethical framework for directors–learning from the Prophet. International Journal of Law and Management, 62(2), 171-191.
  55. Sarangi, S., & Canter, D. (2009). The rhetorical foundation of militant jihad. The faces of terrorism. Multidisciplinary perspectives, 35-61.
  56. Sarbaitinil, S., Rudagi, R., Rahmat, I., Elfemi, N., & Isnaini, I. (2023). Expressing philosophical discourse in pencak silat as a pillar of character education and strengthening social ties. Journal of Pragmatics and Discourse Research, 3(2), 150-162.
  57. Sardar, Z. (2017). Reading the Qur'an: The contemporary relevance of the sacred text of Islam. Oxford University Press.
  58. Schwartz, M. S. (2005). Universal moral values for corporate codes of ethics. Journal of Business Ethics, 59, 27-44.
  59. Susilawati, S., Aprilianti, D., & Asbari, M. (2022). The Role of Islamic Religious Education in Forming the Religious Character of Students. Journal of Information Systems and Management (JISMA)1(1), 1-5.
  60. Tedeschi, J. T. (2017). Conflict, power, and games: The experimental study of interpersonal relations. Routledge.
  61. Treviño, L. K., & Brown, M. E. (2005). "Managing to be ethical: Debunking five business ethics myths." Organizational Dynamics, 34(4), 381-393.)
  62. Treviño, L. K., Weaver, G. R., & Reynolds, S. J. (2006). "Behavioral ethics in organizations: A review." Journal of Management, 32(6), 951–990.
  63. Van Bavel, J. J., & Packer, D. J. (2021). The power of us: Harnessing our shared identities to improve performance, increase cooperation, and promote social harmony—little, Brown Spark.
  64. Wood, D. J., Logsdon, J. M., Lewellyn, P. G., & Davenport, K. S. (2015). Global Business Citizenship: A Transformative Framework for Ethics and Sustainable Capitalism: A Transformative Framework for Ethics and Sustainable Capitalism. Routledge.
  65. Yukl, G. (1981). Leadership in Organizations, 9/e. Pearson Education India.
  66. Yukl, G. (2012). Leadership. Cases in Leadership (3rd. ed. pp. 1–42). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  67. Yukl, G., Mahsud, R., Prussia, G., & Hassan, S. (2019). Effectiveness of broad and specific leadership behaviors. Personnel Review, 48(3), 774-783
  68. Yunus, M. I. B. M. (2017). Good Governance According to Islamic Perspective. Fiat Justisia: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, 11(3), 200-230.