Endogenous Nitrogen Flow in Chickens as Influenced by Dietary Levels of Viscous and Non-Viscous

Roy  M. Padilla,

Endogenous Nitrogen Flow in Chickens as Influenced by Dietary Levels of Viscous and Non-Viscous

Abstract:

This study was undertaken to examine the antinutritional influence of -soluble non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) in monogastric specie. Specifically, the influence of NSP on ileal nitrogen digestibility and flow were determined in broiler chickens. Different levels (3% or 6%) of purified maize arabinoxylan (AX) and barley ß-glucan extract Glucagel TM (BG) were substituted to wheat starch in enzymatically hydrolysed casein-based (EHC) diets. Five experimental diets consisting of EHC, cellulose, wheat starch, dextrose and vegetable oil were formulated. These diets contained titanium oxide as an indigestible marker. Each experimental diet (control, 3% and 6% of BG or AX) was fed for 7 days to 27-day old birds in cages, with 4-5 birds/cage. Inclusion of AX and BG did not significantly influence feed intake (P>O.05). AND was numerically depressed at 90.37% and 90.4% for 6% AX and BG as compared to 91.1% for control diet. Ilea’ nitrogen content and endogenous nitrogen flow were numerically increased with increased levels of AX and BG, though statistically significant differences were not observed due to high variations among the replicates. Inclusion of 6% BG significantly depressed dry matter digestibility (P<O.05), suggesting preservation of hydration property of gelling BG. It is then concluded that the anti-nutritional effect of soluble NSP was evident in chicken as indicated by decreased dry matter digestibility (P<0.05) and the extent of increase in ileal flow of nitrogen in chicken. The cause of increased nitrogen flow with increased levels of NSP is not clear, but could be due to increased secretion of endogenous protein, decreased reabsorption, or combination of both.

References:

Annison, G. (1993). The role of wheat non-starch polysaccharides in broiler nutrition. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 44, 405 — 422.
Beames, R.M. and Eggum, B.O. (1981). The effect of type and level of protein fibre and starch on nitrogen secretion patterns in rats. Journal of Nutrition. 46, 301 - 313.
Bedford, M.R. and Schulze, H. (1998). Exogenous enzymes for pigs and poultry. Nutrition Research Reviews. 1 1, 91 — 114.
Choct, M. (1997). Non-starch Polysaccharides: chemical structure and nutritional significance. Feed Milling International. 13 — 19.
Choct, M., Hughes, R.J., Wang, G., Bedford, M.R., Morgan, A.J. and Annison, G. (1996). Increased small intestine fermentation is partly responsible for the antinutritive activity of non-starch polysaccharides in poultry. British Poultty Science. 37, 609 — 621.
Choct, M and Annison, G. (1992). The inhibition of nutrient digestion by wheat pentosans. British Joumal of Nutrition. 67, 123 — 132.
Choct, M and Annison, G. (1990). Anti-nutritive activity of wheat pentosans in broiler diets. British Poultry Science. 31, 811 — 821.
Edwards, C.A., Johnson, 1.1. and read, N.W. (1988). Do viscous polysaccharides slow absorption by inhibiting diffusion or convection? European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 42, 307 — 312
iji, P.A. (1999). The impact of cereal non-starch polysaccharides on intestinal development and function in broiler chickens. World’s Poultry Science Journal. 55, 375 - 387.
Hesselman, K. and Aman, K. (1986). The effect of B-glucanase on the utilisation of starch and nitrogen by broiler chicken fed on barley of low or high viscosity. Anima! Feed Science and Technology. 15, 83 — 93.
Jorgensen, H., Xin-Quan, Z., Knudsen, K.E.B. and Eggum, B.O. (1996). The influence of dietary fibre source and level on the development of gastro-intestinal tract, digestibility and energy metabolism in broiler chicken. British Journal of Nutrition. 75, 379 — 395.
Maisonnier, S., Gomez, J. and Carre, B. (2001). Nutrient digestibility and intestinal viscosities in broiler chickens fed on wheat diets, as compared to maize •diets with added guar gum. British Poultry Science. 42, 102 - 110.
Maqueda, L. (1999). Evaluation of the anti-nutritive and anticholesterolemic effects of a beta-glucan preparation extracted from New Zealand barley. -Master’s Thesis. Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
Moughan, P.J., Darragh, A.J., Smith, W.C. and Butts. C.A. (1990). Perchloric and trichloroacetic acids as precipitants of proteins in endogenous ileal digesta from the rat Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 52, 13 — 21.
Ouhida, 1., Perez, J.F., Gasa, J. and Puchal, E. (2000a). Enzymes (Bglucanase and arabinoxylanase) and/or sepiolite supplementation and the nutritive value of maizebarley-wheat based diets for broiler chickens. British Poultry Science. 41, 617 — 624.
Ouhida, l., Perez, J.F., Piedrafita, J. and Gasa, J. (2000b). The effects of sepiolite supplementation in broiler chicken diets of high, rhedium and low viscosity. Productive performance and nutritive value. Anima/ Feed Science and Technology. 85, 183 — 194.
Refstie, S. Svihus, B., Shearer, K.D. and Storebakken, T. (1999). Nutrient digestibility in Atlantic salmon and broiier chickens related to viscosity and non-starch polysaccharides content in different soybean products. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 79, 311 — 345.
Smits, C.H.M., Veldman, A., Verstegen, M.W.A. and Beynen, A.C. (1997). Dietary. carboxymethyl cellulose with high instead of low viscosity reduced macronutrient digestion in broiler chickens. Journal of Nutrition. 127, 483 - 487.
White, W.B. Bird, H.R., Sund, M.L., Prentice, N., Burger, W.C. and Marlett, J.A. (1981). The viscosity interaction of barley B-glucan with Tdcoderma viride cellulase in the chicken intestine. Poultry Science. 62, 853 – 862.