HomeJournal of Education, Management, and Development Studiesvol. 3 no. 4 (2023)

ChatGPT’s Applications in Higher Education: Unmasking Opportunities and Challenges

Dhruba Sarker | A.F.M. Eiaz-Ur Rahman | Azizur Rahman Sakib | Harold Jan R. Terano | Md. Mizanur Rahman

Discipline: Education

 

Abstract:

The emergence of generative artificial intelligence (AI), as demonstrated by models like ChatGPT, has garnered significant attention in recent times owing to its capacity to transform multiple domains of society, including higher education. Within academia, individuals such as students, educators, and scholars have already employed Large Language Models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT for a diverse range of academic and non-academic endeavors. However, there is still debate regarding the use of ChatGPT in higher education. The acceptability and validity of its impact on higher education have been a recent burning issue. The primary aim of this review paper is to elucidate the utilization of ChatGPT within the context of higher education, considering its possible opportunities and challenges. The data utilized in this study has been generated by examining published papers, websites, and blogs. Using an "introductory literature review," the researchers have analyzed, synthesized, and explained the data that was generated. The findings revealed inadequate technological access, overreliance on AI, the presence of inaccuracies within subject-based knowledge, and the inability of educators to adapt teaching strategies are the core challenges of ChatGPT in higher education. However, besides these challenges, ChatGPT also brings opportunities like the advancement of learning efficiency, the concept of personalized learning, support for educators, and opportunities for skill enhancement.



References:

  1. Ahsan, M. M. T., Rahaman, Md. S., & Anjum, N. (2023). From ChatGPT-3 to GPT-4: A Significant Leap in AI-Driven NLP Tools. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4404397
  2. Azaria, A. (2022). ChatGPT usage and limitations. https://hal.science/hal-03913837/
  3. Baidoo-Anu, D., & Owusu Ansah, L. (2023). Education in the Era of Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI): Understanding the Potential Benefits of ChatGPT in Promoting Teaching and Learning [SSRN Scholarly Paper]. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4337484
  4. Bašić, Ž., Banovac, A., Kružić, I., & Jerković, I. (2023). ChatGPT-3.5 as writing assistance in students’ essays. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 10(1), 750. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-023-02269-7
  5. Baskara, R., & Mukarto, M. (2023). Exploring the Implications of ChatGPT for Language Learning in Higher Education. IJELTAL (Indonesian Journal of English Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics), 7(2), 343–358. https://doi.org/10.21093/ijeltal.v7i2.1387
  6. Bin-Nashwan, S. A., Sadallah, M., & Bouteraa, M. (2023). Use of ChatGPT in academia: Academic integrity hangs in the balance. Technology in Society, 75, 102370. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2023.102370
  7. Dai, Y., Liu, A., & Lim, C. P. (2023). Reconceptualizing ChatGPT and generative AI as a student-driven innovation in higher education. Procedia CIRP, 119, 84–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2023.05.002
  8. Dawa, T., Dhendup, S., Tashi, S., & Rosso, M. A. (2023). Technology Literacies and Chat GPT: Perspectives on Emerging Technology Adoption in Academic Writing. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.31177.83042
  9. Dempere, J., Modugu, K., Hesham, A., & Ramasamy, L. K. (2023). The impact of ChatGPT on higher education. Frontiers in Education, 8, 1206936. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2023.1206936
  10. Dianati , S., & Laudari, S. (2023). ChatGPT and generative AI: 25 applications to support student engagement. In THE Campus Learn, Share, Connect. https://www.timeshighereducation.com/campus/chatgpt-and-generative-ai-25-applications-support-student-engagement
  11. Farhat, F., Chaudry, B. M., Nadeem, M., Sohail, S. S., & Madsen, D. Ø. (2023). Evaluating AI Models for the National Pre-Medical Exam in India: A Head-to-Head Analysis of ChatGPT-3.5, GPT-4, and Bard (Preprint) [Preprint]. JMIR Medical Education. https://doi.org/10.2196/preprints.51523
  12. Freeman-Wong, J., Munguia, D., & Mohr, J. J. (2023). Building a Strategy to Harness ChatGPT in Education. California Management Review Insights. https://cmr.berkeley.edu/2023/08/building-a-strategy-to-harness-chatgpt-in-education/
  13. Fuchs, K. (2023). Exploring the opportunities and challenges of NLP models in higher education: is Chat GPT a blessing or a curse? Frontiers in Education, 8, 1166682.
  14. George, A. S., George, A. S. H., & A.S.Gabrio Martin. (2023). A Review of ChatGPT AI’s Impact on Several Business Sectors. https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.7644359
  15. Gill, S. S., Xu, M., Patros, P., Wu, H., Kaur, R., Kaur, K., Fuller, S., Singh, M., Arora, P., Parlikad, A. K., Stankovski, V., Abraham, A., Ghosh, S. K., Lutfiyya, H., Kanhere, S. S., Bahsoon, R., Rana, O., Dustdar, S., Sakellariou, R., … Buyya, R. (2024). Transformative effects of ChatGPT on modern education: Emerging Era of AI Chatbots. Internet of Things and Cyber-Physical Systems, 4, 19–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iotcps.2023.06.002
  16. Haleem, A., Javaid, M., & Singh, R. P. (2022). An era of ChatGPT as a significant futuristic support tool: A study on features, abilities, and challenges. BenchCouncil Transactions on Benchmarks, Standards and Evaluations, 2(4), 100089. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tbench.2023.100089
  17. Hanna, E., & Levic, A. (2023). Comparative Analysis of Language Models: hallucinations in ChatGPT : Prompt Study. https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-121267
  18. Hsu, T., & Thompson, S. A. (2023). Disinformation Researchers Raise Alarms About A.I. Chatbots. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2023/02/08/technology/ai-chatbots-disinformation.html
  19. Javaid, M., Haleem, A., Singh, R. P., Khan, S., & Khan, I. H. (2023). Unlocking the opportunities through ChatGPT Tool towards ameliorating the education system. BenchCouncil Transactions on Benchmarks, Standards and Evaluations, 3(2), 100115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tbench.2023.100115
  20. Kalla, D., Smith, N., Samaah, F., & Kuraku, S. (2023). Study and Analysis of Chat GPT and its Impact on Different Fields of Study [SSRN Scholarly Paper]. https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=4402499
  21. Kasneci, E., Seßler, K., Küchemann, S., Bannert, M., Dementieva, D., Fischer, F., Gasser, U., Groh, G., Günnemann, S., Hüllermeier, E., Krusche, S., Kutyniok, G., Michaeli, T., Nerdel, C., Pfeffer, J., Poquet, O., Sailer, M., Schmidt, A., Seidel, T., … Kasneci, G. (2023). ChatGPT for Good? On Opportunities and Challenges of Large Language Models for Education [Preprint]. EdArXiv. https://doi.org/10.35542/osf.io/5er8f
  22. Koubaa, A. (2023). GPT-4 vs. GPT-3.5: A Concise Showdown [Preprint]. https://doi.org/10.36227/techrxiv.22312330.v1
  23. Lim, W. M., Gunasekara, A., Pallant, J. L., Pallant, J. I., & Pechenkina, E. (2023). Generative AI and the future of education: Ragnarök or reformation? A paradoxical perspective from management educators. The International Journal of Management Education, 21(2), 100790. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2023.100790
  24. Lo, C. K. (2023). What Is the Impact of ChatGPT on Education? A Rapid Review of the Literature. Education Sciences, 13(4), 410. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci13040410
  25. Memarian, B., & Doleck, T. (2023). ChatGPT in education: Methods, potentials, and limitations. Computers in Human Behavior: Artificial Humans, 1(2), 100022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbah.2023.100022
  26. Mhlanga, D. (2023a). ChatGPT in Education: Exploring Opportunities for Emerging Economies to Improve Education with ChatGPT. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4355758
  27. Mhlanga, D. (2023b). Digital Transformation Education, Opportunities, and Challenges of the Application of ChatGPT to Emerging Economies. Education Research International, 2023, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/7605075
  28. Mohammed, A. A. Q., Al-ghazali, A., & Khalid A. S. Alqohfa. (2023). Exploring ChatGPT Uses in Higher Studies:: A Case Study of Arab Postgraduates in India. Journal of English Studies in Arabia Felix, 2(2), 9–17. https://doi.org/10.56540/jesaf.v2i2.55
  29. Naher, J., Maruf, M. H., Bakht, S. T., & Sadaf, S. S. (2023). A Survey to Understand the experience of ChatGPT Usage among Engineering University Students in Bangladesh. Technium: Romanian Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology, 15, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.47577/technium.v15i.9660
  30. Quyet, N. T., Thanh, N. V., & Phuong, N. T. (2023). Ho Chi Minh’s thoughts on the education of the young Vietnamese generation today. Perspectives of Science and Education, 62(2), 562–577. https://doi.org/10.32744/pse.2023.2.33
  31. Rahaman, M. S., Ahsan, M. M. T., Anjum, N., Terano, H. J. R., & Rahman, M. M. (2023). From ChatGPT-3 to GPT-4: A Significant Advancement in AI-Driven NLP Tools. Journal of Engineering and Emerging Technologies, 2(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.52631/jeet.v2i1.188
  32. Rahman, M., Terano, H. J. R., Rahman, N., Salamzadeh, A., & Rahaman, S. (2023). ChatGPT and Academic Research: A Review and Recommendations Based on Practical Examples. Journal of Education, Management and Development Studies, 3(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.52631/jemds.v3i1.175
  33. Rasul, T., Nair, S., Kalendra, D., Robin, M., Santini, F. de O., Ladeira, W. J., Sun, M., Day, I., Rather, R. A., & Heathcote, L. (2023). The role of ChatGPT in higher education: Benefits, challenges, and future research directions. Journal of Applied Learning and Teaching, 6(1), 41–56. https://doi.org/10.37074/jalt.2023.6.1.29
  34. Ray, P. P. (2023). ChatGPT: A comprehensive review on background, applications, key challenges, bias, ethics, limitations and future scope. Internet of Things and Cyber-Physical Systems, 3, 121–154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iotcps.2023.04.003
  35. Rudolph, J., Tan, S., & Tan, S. (2023). ChatGPT: Bullshit spewer or the end of traditional assessments in higher education? Journal of Applied Learning and Teaching, 6(1), 342–363. https://doi.org/10.37074/jalt.2023.6.1.9
  36. Sallam, M. (2023). ChatGPT Utility in Healthcare Education, Research, and Practice: Systematic Review on the Promising Perspectives and Valid Concerns. Healthcare, 11(6), 887. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11060887
  37. Strzelecki, A. (2023). To use or not to use ChatGPT in higher education? A study of students’ acceptance and use of technology. Interactive Learning Environments, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2023.2209881
  38. Ventresca, M. J., & Mohr, J. W. (2017). Archival Research Methods. In J. A. C. Baum (Ed.), The Blackwell Companion to Organizations (1st ed., pp. 805–828). Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781405164061.ch35
  39. Vogt, W. P., Gardner, D. C., & Haeffele, L. M. (2012). When to Use What Research Design. Guilford Press.