Parental Involvement and Mechanism: Its Relation to the Learner’s Outcome as Mediated by Self-Confidence
Dorothy Grace Ambalong
Discipline: psychology (non-specific)
Abstract:
Child’s learning acquisition is greatly influence by parental involvement and mechanisms. Parental involvement is a
multifaceted activity which represents many different parental behaviors and parenting practices such as parental
aspiration for their child’s academic achievement, parental communication with their children about school, parental
participation in school activities, parental communications with teachers about their child, and parental rules at home
which are considered education related. Republic Act No. 9155 otherwise known as the Governance of Basic
Education Act of 2001 under section 1.2 stated that the parents and the community shall be encouraged for active
involvement in the education of the child. This study works on determining the relationship of parental involvement
and mechanisms on child’s learning outcomes through the collection of data using survey questionnaire and utilization
of descriptive correlational research design. Moreover, Pearson’s R was used in treating the data collected. It was
revealed that a significant relationship among variables were observed however weak relationship between learning
at home with creativity and presentation was determined. Moreover, indirect relationship between parental
mechanisms and quarterly tests was revealed. Additionally, no significant relationship between learning outcomes and
self-confidence was seen. Lastly, a weak to moderate significant relationship between self-confidence and parental
involvement and parental mechanisms was exhibited. This led to the idea that variables have little to negative
relationships especially parental mechanisms an quarterly scores results as well as learning outcomes and selfconfidence. Due to this, it is recommended that strong connection between parents and child should be established to
strengthen and further increase the positive learning outcomes. Monitoring of student success in doing their work is
also encouraged to be practiced by parents to build child support and confidence.
References:
- Academia. (2013). K to 12 TLE Curriculum Cookery Grade 7 – 10. Retrieved from https://www.academia.edu/13159298/K12_TLE_Curriculum_Cookery_Grade_7_ 10 on August 4, 2023.
- Academia. (2021). Five essential cooking skills taught in culinary school. Retrieved from https://www.academia21.com/blog/2021/10/15/five-essential-cooking-skills-taught-in-culinary-school/ on August 4, 2023
- Arriero, M. L. (2006). Beginning Learning in the Home and School Readiness. University of the Philippines (Dissertation).
- Bæck, U. D. K. (2010). Parental involvement practices in formalized home-school cooperation. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 54(6), 549–563.
- Bartolome, M. T., Mamat, N., & Masnan, A. H. (2017). Parental involvement in the Philippines: A review of literatures. Southeast Asia Early Childhood Journal, 6, 41-50. https://doi.org/10.37134/saecj.vol6.5.2017
- Bernardo, A. B. (2010). Exploring Filipino adolescents’ perceptions of the legitimacy of parental authority over academic behaviors. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 31(4), 273-280.
- Blair, S. L. (2014). Parental involvement and children’s educational performance: A comparison of Filipino and US parents. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 45(3), 351-366.
- Bower, H. A., & Griffin, D. (2011). Can the Epstein model of parental involvement work in a high-minority, high-poverty elementary school? A case study. Professional School Counseling, 15(2), 77-87. doi:10.5330/PSC.n.2011-15.77
- Continental Press. (2017). 9 Ways parents can boost a child’s self-confidence. Retrieved from https://www.continentalpress.com/blog/9-ways-parents-can-boost-childs-self-confidence/
- Curriculum Implementation and Learning Management Matrix. (2020). Department of Education Curriculum Instruction Strand. Retrieved from https://ibangklase.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Grade-9-MELC- Compilation.pdf on August 4, 2023
- Durisic, M. & Bunijevac, M. (2017). Parental Involvement as Important Factor for Successful Education. C.E.P.S Journal, vol. 7, no. 3.
- Epstein, J.L., Coates, L., Salinas, K.C., Sanders, M.G., and Simon, B.S. (1997). School, family and community partnerships: Your handbook for action. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin
- Epstein, J. (2009). Creating school, family, and community partnerships. In A.C. Ornstein, L.S. Behar-Horenstein, & E.F. Pajak (Eds.), Contemporary issues in curriculum. (3rd ed.) (pp. 354–373). Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon.
- Foost. (2021). 7 Tips to boost your cooking confidence. Retrieved from https://foost.com.au/7-tips-to-boost-your-cooking-confidence/
- Galindo, C., & Sheldon, S. B. (2012). School and home connections and children’s kindergarten achievement gains: The mediating role of family involvement. Early Childhood Research Quarterly,27(1),90-103.
- Gonzalez-DeHass, A. R., Willems, P. P., & Holbein, D. M. F. (2005). Examining the relationship between parental involvement and student motivation. Educational Psychology Review, 17(2), 99-123. doi:10.1007/s10648-005-3949-7
- Granberg, A., Olsson, V. and Mattsson Sydner, Y. (2017), “Teaching and learning cooking skills in Home Economics: What do teachers for students with mild intellectual disabilities consider important to learn?”, British Food Journal, Vol. 119 No. 5, pp. 1067-1078. https://doi.org/10.1108/BFJ-09-2016-0435
- Harris, A. and Goodall, J. (2007), Engaging Parents in Raising Achievement: Do Parents Know They Matter?. Research Report DCSF RW004. University of Warwick. Department for Children, Schools and Families.
- Hersch, D., Perdue, L., Ambroz, T. & Boucher JL. (2014). The impact of cooking classes on food-related preferences, attitudes, and behaviors of school-aged children: a systematic review of the evidence. Prev Chronic Dis. 2014;11 doi: 10.5888/pcd11.140267.
- Hill, N. E., & Taylor, L. C. (2004). Parental school involvement and children’s academic achievement pragmatics and issues.Current directions in psychological science,13(4), 161-164.
- Ho, E. S. (2009). Educational leadership for parental involvement in an Asian context: Insights from Bourdieu’s theory of practice. The School Community Journal, 19(2), 101–122.
- Jesse, Dan (2013). Increasing Parental Involvement: A Key to Student Achievement. Mid-Continent Regional Educational Laboratory, Aurora, CO.
- KAZ. Essential Modern “Life Skills.” (2013). http://www/laz-type.com/essential-modern-life-skills. Accessed 4 Aug 2023
- Kong, A. & Domo, A. (2016). Available Senior High School Teachers Guide and Learners Materials: Cookery Manual. Retrieved from Negros Oriental Learning Resource Portal: https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B- INPtM14JLVMk1NZ3hhZy1RNW8/view
- Lai, Y., & Vadeboncoeur, J. A. (2012). The discourse of parent involvement in special education: A critical analysis linking policy documents to the experiences of mothers. Educational Policy, 29, 867-897. doi:10.1177 /0895904812440501
- Lawrece, A.S.A. & Barathi, C. (2016). Parental Encouragement in Relation to Academic Achievement of Higher Secondary School Students. Retrieved at https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED571491.pdf
- Leander, J.V. and Fabella, F.E. (2020). Parental Involvement and Academic Performances of Grade 7 Students. Far Eastern University; Cainta Rizal.
- Lavelle, F. et al. (2016). Learning cooking skills at different ages: A cross-sectional study. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 13:119, DOI 10.1186/s12966-016-0446-y
- Lee, J., & Bowen, N. K. (2006). Parental involvement, cultural capital, and the achievement gap among elementary school children. American Educational Research Journal, 43(2), 193–218.
- Liu, F. et al. (2010). The Validation of One Parental Involvement Measurement in Virtual Schooling. Journal of Interactive Online Learning, vol. 9, no. 2, ISSN: 1541- 4914
- Lopez, G. R., Scribner, J. D., & Mahitivanichcha, K. (2011). Redefining parental involvement: Lessons from high performing migrant impacted schools. American Research Journal, 38(2), 253-288. doi:10.3102/00028312038002253
- Marlborough. (2019). The Importance of Healthy Self-Confidence in Students. Retrieved from https://www.marlborough.org/news/~board/health-and- wellness/post/the-importance-of-healthy-self-confidence-in-students
- Msomi, N. (2022). Cooking confidence is good for body and mind. News24. Retrieved from https://www.news24.com/life/wellness/diet/cooking-confidence-is- good-for-body-and-mind-20220412
- Olfert, M. et al. (2019). Parent and School-Age Children’s Food Preparation Cognitions and Behaviors Guide Recommendations for Future Interventions. Journal on Nutrition Education and Behavior, vol. 51, number 6.
- Seeley, A., Wu, M., & Caraher, M. (2010). Should we teach cooking in schools? A systematic review of the literature of school-based cooking interventions. J Home Econ Inst Aust;17(1):10–9.
- Terrazola, V. E. (2017). Deped urged to invest in school kitchen facilities and equipment. Manila Bulletin.Retrieved from: https://news.mb.com.ph/2017/10/07/deped-urged-to-invest-in-school-kitchen- facilities-and-equipment/
- The Scots College. (2017). Ten inspirational quotes to encourage parents. Retrieved from https://scots.college/ten-inspirational-quotes to-encourage- parents/ on August 1, 2023.
- Topor, D.R., et al. (2010). Parent Involvement and Student Academic Performance: A Multiple Mediational Analysis. J.Prev Intery Community, 38(3): 183–197
- Utter, J. et al. (2016). Adolescent Cooking Abilities and Behaviors: Associations with Nutrition and Emotional Well-Being. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, vol. 48, issue 1, pages 35-41.el
- Whitetaker, M. C. et al. (2018). The Hoover-Dempsey and Sandler Model of the Parent Involvement Process. DOI:10.1002/9781119083054.ch20
- Williams, T. T., & Sanchez, B. (2011). Identifying and decreasing barriers to parent involvement for inner-city parents. Youth & Society, 45(1), 54–74
- Wriden, W.L. et al. (2007). The impact of a community-based food skills intervention on cooking confidence, food preparation methods and dietary choices- an exploratory trial. Public Health Nutr., 10(02):203-11.