Home⇛Annals of Tropical Research⇛vol. 38 no. 1 (2016)

Energy Productivity And Efficiency Of Lowland Rice(Var. Psb Rc18) Under Various Organic Nutrientsources And Quantum Enhancers

Berta C. Ratilla | Teodoro C Mendoza

 

Abstract:

Energy analysis is not usually givenmuch emphasis in crop production despite the latter's huge dependence on oil and fuel. This study was conducted for two cropping seasons to assess whether the use of various nutrient sources can increase yield, energy productivity, and use efficiency of lowland rice (PSB Rc18). All production inputs and activities were accounted and energy analysis was done using energy coefficients adopted by previous researchers. Parameters on grain yield, energy expenditures, energy productivity, efficiency, and intensitywere taken. Rice applied with organic fertilizer from unenhanced composted cow manure (UECM) yielded significantly higher by 61% and 18 % than the untreated control and the full inorganic treatment, respectively. Quantum and organic nutrient sources spent 69.18-71.79 liter diesel oil equivalent (LDOE) ha which is 2-3 times -1 lesser than the use of sole inorganic or combined with organic nutrient sources (142.13-225.74 LDOE ha ), thus giving significantly higher energy productivity -1 and efficiency. Unenhanced composted cow manure was the most productive and efficient in terms of energy use by 1.59 and 3.73 times over the control and full inorganic treatment, respectively. Energy spent to produce a ton of unmilled rice was markedly reduced by 53% from organic fertilization due to lower energy intensities (15.95-25.16 LDOE t grain) than inorganic treatments (36.50-60.89 -1 LDOE t grain). Hence, at this time of energy crisis and climate change, organic -1 farming which includes use of quantum enhancers is a potential option in improving energy resource effectiveness of PSB Rc18.



References:

  1. AGUILERA, E., L. LASSALETTA, A.S. COBENA, J. GARNIER and A. VALLEJO. 2013. The potential of organic fertilizers and water management to reduce n₂o emissions in Mediterranean climate cropping systems. A Review. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment. 164: 32-52.
  2. ANGELES, S. M. 2008. Seed invigoration of rice (Oryza sativa L.) and mungbean (Vigna radiate L.R. Wilczek) through hydration-dehydration with potentization and agnihotra ash. Unpublished B.S. Thesis. University of the Philippines. Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines. 64 pp.
  3. ΒΑΝΑΕΙΑΝ, Ν., M. ZANGENEH and M. OMID. 2010. Energy use efficiency for walnut producers using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Australian Journal of Crop Science 4(5): 359-362.
  4. BAUTISTA E.G. and T. MINOWA. 2010. Analysis of the energy for different rice production systems in the Philippines. Phillip. Agric. Scientist. 93(3):346-357.
  5. BLENGINI G. A. and M. BUSTO. 2009. The life cycle of rice: LCA of alternative agric-food chain management systems in Vercelli, Italy. Jour. of Environmental Management. 90:1512-1522.
  6. BOCHARI-GEVAO, S.M., W.I. WAN ISHAΚ, Λ.Υ. AZMI, and C.W. CHAN. 2005. Analysis of energy consumption in lowland rice-based cropping system of Malaysia. Retrieved May 8, 2008. Songklanakarin J. Sc. Technol. 27(4):819-826.
  7. COX G.W. and M.D. ATKINS. 1979. Agricultural Ecology, An Analysis Of World Food Production Systems. W.H. Freeman and Co., San Francisco. 720pp.
  8. DON BOSCO DIOCESAN YOUTH CENTER, INC. UNDATED. Don Bosco Integrated Programs and Initiatives for Sustainable Development through Sustainable Agriculture. An Introductory Course on the Basic Principles and Practices of Biodynamic Agriculture. Don Bosco Diocesan Youth Center, Inc. Batasan, Makilala, Cotabato. 75 pp.
  9. EGLE, R.B. and T.C. MENDOZA.2013. Energy use of sugarcane (Saccharum Officinarum L.) grown in various nutrient supply options. Philippine Journal of Crop Science. 38(1): 43-51.
  10. FAO.2010. Asia Pacific Food Situation Update. FAO, Rome.
  11. FERNANDEZ, P.G. 2000. Compendium on Sustainable Perspective and Strategiesof Advocates and Practitioners in the Philippines. DAR-UNDP Sardic Programme. Department of Agrarian Reform, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines. 678pp.
  12. FERNANDEZ, P.G. 2001. Organic Seed: Implications for Sustainable Agriculture. Inaugural SEARCA Professorial Chair Lecture. Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. Philippines. 162pp.
  13. GUNDOGMUS, E. 2006. Energy use on organic farming: a comparative analysis on organic versus conventional apricot production on small holdings in Turkey. Energy Conversion and Management. 47:3351-3359.
  14. HERRING, H. 2006. Energy efficiency-a critical view. Energy. 31:10-20.
  15. JAYASREE, p. and A. GEORGE. 2006. Do biodynamic practices influence yield quality and economics of cultivation of chilli (Capsicum annuum L.)? Journal of Tropical Agriculture. 44(1-2):68-70.
  16. JING, Q. 2007. Improving resource use efficiency in rice-based cropping systems: experimentation and modeling. Ph.D.Dissertation. Waningen University, Wanengin, The Netherlands. 145pp.
  17. KALTSAS, A.Μ., Λ.Ρ. ΜΑΜOLOS, C.A. TSATSARELIS, G.D. NANOS, and K.L. KALBURTJI. 2007. Energy budget in organic and conventional olive groves. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment. 122:243-251.
  18. KARIMI, M., A. RAJABI POUR, A. TABATABAEEFAR and A. BORGHEI. 2008. Energyanalysis of sugarcane production in plant farms: a case study in debel khazai agro-industry in Iran. American-Eurasian Journal of Agriculture Environmental Science. 4:165-171.
  19. KAVARGIRIS, S.E., A.P. MAMOLOS, C.A. TSATSARELIS, Λ.Ε. NIKOLAIDOU and K.L. KALBURTJI. 2009. Energy resources’ utilization in organic and conventional vineyards: energy flow, greenhouse gas emissionsand biofuel production. Biomass and Bioenergy. 33:1239-1250.
  20. MENDOZA, T.C. and R. SAMSON. 2002. The energy costs of sugar production in the Philippine context. Philippine Journal of Crop Science. 27(2):17-26.
  21. MENDOZA, T.C. 2005. An energy-based analyis of organic, low external input sustainable agriculture (leisa) and conventional rice production in the Philippines. The Philippine Agricultural Scientist. 88(3):257-267.
  22. MENDOZA, T.C. 2007. The energetics of ethanol production and its implications. Asia Life Sciences. 16(2):115-138.
  23. MENDOZA, T.C. 2008. Why food prices increase and what can be done? Phil. Jour. of Crop Science. 33:87-101.
  24. MENDOZA, T.C. 2010. Organic agriculture: The logical sequence to modern chemical agriculture in the Philippine context. A Discussion Paper. Annals of Tropical Research. 32(1):112-129.
  25. NASSIRI, S. M. and S. SINGH. 2009. Study on energy use efficiency for paddy crop using data envelopment Analysis (dea) technique. Applied Energy. 86:1320-1325.
  26. PERLAS, N.G. 1993. The Seven Dimensions Of Sustainable Agriculture. Paper Presented at the Second Asian Development Forum held at Xavier University, Cagayan De Oro City, Philippines. February 22-27, 1993.159-175.
  27. PIMENTEL, D. (Ed) 1980. Handbook of Energy Utilization in Agriculture. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida. 474 pp.
  28. PIMENTEL, D., G. BERARDI and S. FAST. 1983. Energy efficiency of farming systems: organic and conventional agriculture. Agriculture, Ecosystem and Environment. 9:359-372.
  29. PULHIN, R.S.V. and Z.H. SHEHADEH. 1980. Integrated Agriculture-Aquaculture Farming Systems. Proceedings of the ICLARM-SEARCA Conference on Integrated Agriculture-Aquaculture Farming Systems, Manila, Philippines. 6-9 August 1979. 259pp.
  30. RAHMAN, S. and B.K. BARMON. 2012. Energy productivity and efficiency of the “gher” (prawn-rice) farming in Bangladesh. Energy.43:293-300.
  31. REGANOLD, J.P. 1995. Soil quality, profitability of Biodynamic and conventional farming systems: A Review. Organic Farming and Biodynamic Agricultural Training Resource Book. 10:1:64-75.
  32. RIMANDO, T.J., T.H. BORROMEO, B. M SALAZAR, P.C. STA. CRUZ, A.G. LALUSIN, M.F.O. MERCADO and A.M.A. MAGNAYE.2011. Fundamentals of Crop Science. UPLB, Los Banos, Laguna. 185pp.
  33. SCILLABBA, N. EH. and M. LINDENLAUF. 2010. Organic agriculture and climate change. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems: 25(2): 158-169.
  34. SINGH S. M.P. SINGH, and P. BAKHSHI. 1990. Unit energy consumption for paddy-wheat rotation. Energy Convers Manage. 30:121.
  35. STRAPATSA, A.V., G.D. NANOS, and C.A. TSATSARELIS. 2006. Energy flow for integrated apple production in Greece. Agric. Ecosystems Environment. 116:176-180.
  36. STEINER, R. 2005. What Is Biodynamics? A Way To Heal And Revitalize The Earth. Steiner Books. USA. 190 pp.
  37. VALDEZ, R.E. and P.G. FERNANDEZ. 2008. Productivity and seed quality of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars grown under synthetic, organic fertilizer and biodynamic farming practices. Phil. Crop Science Journal. 32:49-62.
  38. WILDFEUER, S. 2006. What is Biodynamics. Biodynamic Farming and Gardening Association. http://www.biodynamics.com/biodynamics.html.
  39. ZAMORA, O.B. 1996. The sustainable agriculture framework: concepts, misconceptions and barriers to adoption and opportunities. pp.7-37. In S.S. Go, V.A. Quiton, W.T. Alesna, S.P. Sandoval, E.G. Cagasan and C.R. Arceña(ed), Sourcebook on Curriculum Revision for the Integration of Sustainable Agriculture Concepts. SEARCA-VISCA-ACAP, Philippines. 135pp.
  40. ZIESEMER, J. 2007. Energy use in organic food systems. Natural Resources Management And Environment. Dept. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Rome. 28 pp.
  41. http://www.indexmundi.com/philippines/population_growth_rate.html.Philip pines Population growth rate 2009. Accessed 03 November 2010.
  42. http://www.watersheds.org/farm/lawson.htm. Cow manure facts. Accessed 05 January, 2011.

Tools


Copyright © 2025  KITE Digital Educational Solutions |  Exclusively distributed by CE-Logic