Home⇛NRCP Research Journal⇛vol. 24 no. 1 (2025)

Pamamahala At Pagpapala: Pagninilay Sa Apat Na Dekadang Pamumuno Ni Bro. Mike Z. Velarde Sa Samahang El Shaddai

Joven B. Makiling

Discipline: social sciences (non-specific)

 

Abstract:

This research paper focuses on the leadership system of Bro. Mariano ‘Mike’ Z. Velarde in the El Shaddai Community. The theoretical framework used was based upon the leadership models proposed by Max Weber and Zeus Salazar. The study found that Bro. Mike’s leadership style is charismatic, according to Weber, and bagani-like leadership, according to Salazar. Four frameworks were developed to explain the management system of El Shaddai over the past four decades. In the end, it was discovered in the succession scenario that the members adhered to two principles: legal and spiritual. Although the group has an omnibus code, the spiritual belief that ‘God established El Shaddai, and God will also appoint its next leader’ still holds more weight. Overall, the study shows that in a religious group, the true power of a leader comes from the number and loyalty of their followers, as demonstrated by El Shaddai’s four decades of existence.



References:

  1. Antonakis, J. and Atwater, L. (2002).  Leader distance: a review and a proposed theory. The Leadership Quarterly, 13(6), 673-704.  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1048-9843(02)00155-8 
  2. Bass, B. M. (1985).  Leadership performance beyond expectations. Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.3930250310
  3. Best, J. W., & Khan, J.V. (1992). Research in Education. Boston.  
  4. Blau, P. M. (1963). Critical remarks on Weber’s theory of authority. The American Political Science Review, 57(2), 305-316.
  5. Bolaños, P. A. (2010). Demokratikong sistema at ang mga modelo ng pamumuno sa Pilipinas. https://www.academia.edu/download/52728288/bolanos_june2010.pdf 
  6. Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2013). Successful qualitative research: A practical guide for beginners. Sage.
  7. Bryman, A. (1993). Charismatic leadership in business organizations: Some neglected issues. The Leadership Quarterly, 4(3-4), 289-304. https://doi.org/10.1016/1048-9843(93)90036-S 
  8. Cabbuag, S. I. (2016). Charisma and charismatic leaders: Weber and beyond. Philippine Sociological Review, 64(1), 209-230. http://www.jstor.org/stable/44211756. 
  9. Choi, J. (2006). A motivational theory of charismatic leadership: Envisioning, empathy, and empowerment. Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies, Vol. 13(1), 24-43. https://doi.org/10.1177/10717919070130010501 
  10. Chua, M. C. B. (2014). Pantayong pananaw o pantasyang pananaw lamang?: kamalayan sa mga konsepto/dalumat ng bayan, mga tinig mula sa ibaba. Saliksik e-Journal, 3(1), 80-118. https://www.academia.edu/download/34447837/06-Artikulo-Chua1.pdf
  11. Conger, J. A., & Kanungo, R. N. (1987). Toward a behavioral theory of charismatic leadership in organizational settings. The Academy of Management Review, 12(4), 637-647. https://doi.org/10.2307/258069
  12. Courpasson, D., Golsorkhi, D. & Sallaz, J. J. (Eds.). (2012). Rethinking power in organizations, institutions, and markets I (Vol. 34). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/S0733-558X(2012)0000034003 
  13. DeGroot, T., Kiker, D. S. & Cross, T. C. (2000), A meta-analysis to review organizational outcomes related to charismatic leadership. Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences, 17(4), 356-371. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601111401017
  14. Delta Broadcasting System.  (2019, March 16). Saturday family appointment with El Shaddai [Recorded video]
  15. Demeterio III, F. (2009). Dreaming with a hammer: On critical theory in the Philippines (A philosophical fiction). Kritike, 3(1), 185-206. http://dx.doi.org/10.25138/3.1.db.2 
  16. Demeterio III, F. (2010). Mga anyo at antas ng pag-asa na nakapaloob sa mga diskurso ng kilusang El Shaddai. MALAY, 22(2), 19-43. https://ejournals.ph/article.php?id=7966
  17. Demeterio III, F. (2010). Ang demokratikong sistema at ang mga modelo ng pamumuno sa Pilipinas. Kritike, 4(1), 28-49.      https://www.kritike.org/journal/issue_7/demeterio_june2010.pdf
  18. Domingo, M. O. Z. (2004). Indigenous Leadership and Governance. Philippine Journal of Public Administration, 48(1&2), 1-39. https://www.richtmann.org/journal/index.php/ajis/article/download/13718/13276/47240 
  19. Eisenstadt, S. N. (1968). Max Weber: On charisma and institution building. University of Chicago Press..
  20. El Shaddai Bagong Liwanag Magazine, 1(1990).
  21. El Shaddai Bagong Liwanag Magazine, 1(1992), 8. 
  22. El Shaddai Bagong Liwanag Magazine, 1(1994), 10-15.
  23. Garming, M. B. (1981). The dynamics of leadership in Kalinga. Agham-Tao, 4(2).                                                                                                                                        https://pssc.org.ph/wp-content/pssc-archives/Aghamtao/1981/07_The%20Dynamics%20of%20Leadership%20in%20Kalinga.pdf 
  24. Hannan, M. T. ,Freeman, J. (1984). Structural inertia and organizational change. American Sociological Review, 49(2), 149-164. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2095567
  25. Houghton, J. D. (2010). Does Max Weber’s notion of authority still hold in the twenty-first century?, Journal of Management History, 16(4), 449-453. https://doi.org/10.1108/17511341011073933 
  26. Howell, J. M. & Shamir, B. (2005). The role of followers in the charismatic leadership process: Relationships and their consequences. Academy of Management Review, Vol. 30(1), 96-112. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/AMR.2005.15281435
  27. Jamon, G. (1999). The El Shaddai Prayer Movement: Political Socialization in a Religious Context. Philippine Political Science Journal, 20(43), 83-126. https://doi.org/10.1080/01154451.1999.9754206 
  28. Jermier, J. M. (1998). Introduction: Critical Perspectives on Organizational Control. Administrative Science Quarterly, 43(2), 235-256. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2393852
  29. Katz, D. & Kahn, R. L. (1978). The social psychology of organizations. Wiley.
  30. Klein, K. J. and House, R. J. (1995). On fire: Charismatic leadership and levels of analysis. The Leadership Quarterly, 6(2), 183-198. https://doi.org/10.1016/1048-9843(95)90034-9 
  31. Lowe, K. B., Kroeck, K. G. and Sivasubramaniam, N. (1996). Effectiveness correlates of transformational and transactional leadership: A meta-analytic review of the mlq literature. The Leadership Quarterly, 7(3), 385-425. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1048-9843(96)90027-2 
  32. Mercado, L. N. (2001). El Shaddai: A study of a Filipino charismatic movement. Divine Word Publications. 
  33. Mintzberg, H., Lampel, J. & Ahlstrand, B. (2005). Strategy Safari: A guided tour through the wilds of strategic management. Free Press.
  34. Pedregosa, L. (2020). A popular-theological anthropology of bayani: Liminal unity of overseas Filipino workers in their expression of love as sacrifice. MST Review, 21(2), 21-55. https://lirias.kuleuven.be/retrieve/564980
  35. Riesebrodt, M. (1999). Charisma in Max Weber’s sociology of religion. Religion, 29(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1006/reli.1999.0175 
  36. Salazar, Z. (1996). Heroe at bayani: dalawang magkasalungat na sikolohiya. Kumperensya ng Pambansang Samahan sa Sikolohiyang Pilipino. Bahay Kalinaw, U.P.Diliman
  37. Salazar, Z. (2004). Kasaysayan ng kapilipinuhan bagong balangkas. Bagong Kasaysayan. 
  38. Santos, M. J. (2020). Ginhawa, hanapbuhay, himagsikan: tungo sa isang pilipinong pagdadalumat ng katarungang panlipunan/katuwirang bayan. Tala Kasaysayan: An Online Journal of History, 3(1), 58-79. https://philpapers.org/archive/SANGHH.pdf
  39. Segundo, M. G. (2023). Organizational Change-Inspirational Leadership: A Case Study in the Effective Leadership of Philippine President Corazon Aquino. Regent Research Rountables, 50-59. https://cdn.regent.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/Regent-Research-Roundtables-2023-Followership-Segundo.pdf 
  40. Suchman, M. C. (1995). Managing legitimacy: Strategic and institutional approaches. Academy of Management Review, 20(3), 571-610. https://doi.org/10.2307/258788
  41. Tolentino, R.P. (2020). Roadmap towards organizational goal of Bulacan Agricultural State College, Philippines: Narratology on administrative thought of an institution leader. CenRaPS Journal of Social Sciences, 2(1), 14-25. https://doi.org/10.46291/cenraps.v2i1.7 
  42. Tucker, R. C. (1968). The theory of charismatic leadership. Daedalus, 97(3), 731-756. http://www.jstor.org/stable/20023840 
  43. Turner, M. (1990). Authoritarian rule and the dilemma of legitimacy: The case of President Marcos of the Philippines. The Pacific Review, 3(4), 349-362. https://doi.org/10.1080/09512749008718886 
  44. Valderrama, U. C. (1987).  The Colourful Mandaya: Ethnic Tribe of Davao Oriental. Tesoro’s Printing Press. 
  45. Velarde M. (1992).  Ang Mahiwagang Pagdating ni El Shaddai. Bagong Liwanag Magazine, El Shaddai-DWXI Prayer Partners Fellowship Int’l. Inc. 
  46. Velarde M. (1997). Bakit, Bro. Mike?. El Shaddai DWXI-Prayer Partners Fellowship International, Inc. 
  47. Velarde M. (1997). Mga Butil ng Gintong Aral ni El Shaddai. El Shaddai-DWXI Prayer Partners Fellowship Int’l. Inc. 
  48. Velarde M. (2007). General Pastoral Guidelines and Omnibus Administrative Code for Service Volunteer Workers.  El Shaddai DWXI-PPFI. 
  49. Velarde M. (2009). With El Shaddai Miracles Are Forever. El Shaddai-DWXI Prayer Partners Fellowship Int’l. Inc. 
  50. Waldman, D. A., Javidan, M. and Varella, P. (2004). Charismatic leadership at the strategic level: A new application of upper echelons theory. The Leadership Quarterly, 15(3), 355-380. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2004.02.013 
  51. Weber, M. (1958). The three types of legitimate rule. Berkeley Publications in Society and Institutions, 4(1), 1-11. Translated by Hans Gerth. 
  52. Weber. M. (1978). Economy and Society. University of California Press.
  53. Wiegele, K. (2007). Seeking El Shaddai. In investing in miracles: El Shaddai and the transformation of popular Catholicism in the Philippines. Unibersidad ng Ateneo de Manila. 
  54. Yagil, D. (1998). Charismatic leadership and organizational hierarchy: Attribution of charisma to close and distant leaders. The Leadership Quarterly, 9, 161-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1048-9843(98)90003-0 

Tools


Copyright © 2025  KITE Digital Educational Solutions |  Exclusively distributed by CE-Logic