HomeNRCP Research Journalvol. 24 no. 1 (2025)

K To 12 Assessment Policies Vis-A-Vis Relevant Sustainable Development Goals: Towards Quality, Equality, And Equity In Basic Education

Marilyn U. Garzon | Teresita T. Rungduin | Brando C Palomar | Minie Rose C Lapinid | Richard Dlc Gonzales | Edwin C Barba | Cesar Medula Jr. | Ria Lorraine H Pagliawan | Marla C Papango

Discipline: Education

 

Abstract:

This policy research examined the articulation of relevant quality, equality, and equity indicators of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UNSDGs) in the four assessment policies in the K to 12 Program of the Philippines. It identified crucial areas for improvement in the basic education program to address equal access to quality education and the global competitiveness of Filipino learners. The results show the responsiveness of the four assessment policies to some indicators under SDGs 4.0, 5.0, and 10.0, underscoring the importance of these indicators in the educational landscape. However, gaps appear in the consistency of SDG articulation across the four assessment policies and the policy dimensions of purpose, process, practice, and product. The national assessment policy articulates SDG indicators the most, while the classroom assessment policy articulates them the least. The results suggest the improvement of assessment policies to vigorously address relevant quality, equality, and equity indicators.



References:

  1. Abragan, F. Q., Abarcas, V., Aquino, I. M. & Bagongon, R. E. (2022). Research review on K-12 curriculum implementation in the Philippines: A generic perspective. European Journal of Educational and Social Sciences, 7(1), 1-8. https://www.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7272126
  2. Adarlo, G., & Jackson, L. (2016). For whom is K-12 education: A critical look into twenty-first century educational policy and curriculum in the Philippines. In Springer eBooks, 207-223. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1673-8_11
  3. Balagtas, M.U. (2021). Alignment of the Philippine mathematics teacher education curriculum with the Programme for International Student Assessment. European Journal of Mathematics and Science, 2(2), 145-161. https://doi.org/10.12973/ejmse.2.2.145
  4. Balagtas, M., David, A. P., Golla, E. F., Magno, C. P., & Valladolid, V. C. (2020). Assessment of learning 1. REX Bookstore, Inc.
  5. Balagtas, M. U. (2020). Analysis of the PISA framework vis-à-vis the Philippine K to12
     Curriculum.
    In M. U. Balagtas & M. A. C. Montealegre (Eds.), Challenges of PISA: The PNU report. Philippine Normal University and Rex Institute for Student Excellence. 262-288.
  6. Balagtas, M. U., & Montealegre, M. A. C. (Eds). (2020). Challenges of PISA: The PNU report. Philippine Normal University and Rex Institute for Student Excellence.
  7. Balagtas, M. U., Ngo, D. C., Belmi, R. M., Hibanada, R. R., Papango, M. C., & Baybayon, O. E. U. (2020). Directions and competencies set in international large scale-assessments: Input to curriculum reform. Rex Institute for Student Excellence.
  8. Chi, C. (2024, February 27). Shared responsibility: DepEd told it can’t help special needs children alone. Philstar.com. https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2024/02/26/2336305/shared- responsibility-deped-told-it-cant-help-special-needs-children-alone
  9. Council for Exceptional Children & CEEDAR Center. (2019). Introducing high- leverage practices in special education: A professional development guide for school leaders. Arlington, VA: Council for Exceptional Children & CEEDAR Center. www.highleveragepractices.org
  10. Cuajao, J. (2024). National Achievement Test results and academic performance: A comparative analysis of Filipino performance across two academic years. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 9(2),14-25. https://doi.org/10.53555/eijhss.v9i2.193
  11. Department of Education. (2020, October 2). Interim guidelines for assessment and grading in light of the Basic Education Learning Continuity Plan. https://tinyurl.com/bdfpxhvs
  12. Department of Education. (2019, December). PISA 2018: The national report of the Philippineshttps://bit.ly/2ZvlPAp
  13. Department of Education. (2017, June 5). Policy guidelines on system assessment for the K to12 Basic Education Program. https://tinyurl.com/2barxf8e
  14. Department of Education. (2016, June 30). Policy guidelines on national assessment of student learning for the K to12 Basic Education Program. https://tinyurl.com/mszxfn55
  15. Department of Education. (2015, April 1). Policy guidelines on classroom assessment for the K to12 Basic Education Program. https://tinyurl.com/yc3nvdc4
  16. Department of Education, Southeast Asian Ministries of Education Organization, & United Nations International Children’s Fund. (2021). SEA-PLM 2019 national report of the Philippines.   https://uni.cf/3E55d1m
  17. Dizon, R., Calbi, J., Cuyos, J., & Miranda, M. (2019). Perspectives on the implementation of the K to 12 program in the Philippines: A research review. International Journal of Innovation and Research in Educational Science, 6(6), 757-765.
  18. Gonzales, R., Tamayao, A., Vecaldo, R., Balagtas, M.U., Balagan, M.B., Lapinid, M.R., Rungduin, T., & Medula, C. (2024). Alignment of Policies, Standards, and Guidelines for Teacher Education Programs with the K to 12 Program. DLSU-AKI Policy Brief, 2024-05-030.
  19. International Association for Evaluation of Educational Achievement. (2019).
  20. Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study 2019. https://www.iea.nl/studies/iea/timss/2019
  21. Lapinid, M.R.C., Mistades, V.M., Sagcal, R.R., Gustilo, L.E., Balagtas, M.U., Gonzales, R.DLC., Medula, C.T., Palomar, B.C., & Pagliawan, R.L.H. (2024). International assessment benchmarks recommendations for K to 12 assessment policy guidelines. DLSU-AKI Policy Brief, 2024-04-028.
  22. Llego, M. A. (2022, August 24). Inclusive education in the Philippines. TeacherPH. https://www.teacherph.com/inclusive-education-philippines/
  23. Magno, C., & Piosang, T. (2016). Assessment schemes in the senior high school in the Philippine basic education. Educational Measurement and Evaluation Review, 7(1), 66-87. https://tinyurl.com/3xs847z5
  24. Medula, C. T., Maslang, J. L., Balagtas, M. U., Lapinid, M. C., & Gonzales, R. D. (2024). Teachers’, School Heads’, and Supervisors’ Understanding and Use of K to 12 Assessment Policies. Retrieved from https://animorepository.dlsu.edu.ph/res_aki/200
  25. Morgan, H. (2022). Conducting a qualitative document analysis. The Qualitative Report, 27(1). 64-77. https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2022.5044
  26. National Economic and Development Authority. (n.d.). Philippine Development Plan (PDP) 2023-2028. https://pdp.neda.gov.ph/philippine-development-plan- 2023-2028/
  27. Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development [OECD]. (2019). PISA 2018 results. Oecd.org. https://www.oecd.org/pisa/publications/pisa- 2018-results.htm
  28. Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development [OECD]. (2023). PISA 2022 Results (Volume I): The State of Learning and Equity in Education. In OECD iLibrary. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/pisa-2022-results-volume- i_53f23881-en
  29. Philippine Statistics Authority (2022). SDG watch Philippines: Goal 4. Ensure inclusive and quality education for all and promote lifelong learning. https://sdg.neda.gov.ph/goal-4/
  30. Philippine Statistics Authority (2022). SDG watch Philippines: Goal 5. Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls. https://sdg.neda.gov.ph/goal-5/
  31. Philippine Statistics Authority (2022). SDG watch Philippines: Goal 10. Reduce inequality within and among countries. https://sdg.neda.gov.ph/goal-10/
  32. Razak, N. & Lamola, K. (2019). Gender equity, equality, and learning assessments: NEQAP thematic review. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000372300
  33. Republic of the Philippines. (2022). An act instituting a policy of inclusion and services of learners with disabilities in support of inclusive education establishing Inclusive Resource Center for learners with disabilities in all schools, districts, municipalities, and cities, providing for standards, appropriating funds therefore, and for other purposes (Republic Act No. 11650). Official Gazette Congress of the Philippines. https://issuances- library.senate.gov.ph/sites/default/files/2023-02/ra%252011650.pdf
  34. Republic of the Philippines. (2013). An act enhancing the Philippine Basic Education System by strengthening its curriculum and increasing the number of years for basic education, appropriating funds therefor and for other purposes (Republic Act No. 10533). Official Gazette, Congress of the Philippines. https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2013/05/15/republic-act-no-10533/
  35. Republic of the Philippines. (2012).  An act institutionalizing the Kindergarten Education into the Basic Education System and appropriating funds therefor and for other purposes. (Republic Act No.10157). Official Gazette, Congress of the Philippines. https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2012/01/20/republic-act-no-10157/
  36. Reyes, C.M., Albert, J.R.G., Tabuga, A.D., Arboneda, A.A., Vizmanos, J.F.V. & Cabaero, C.C. (2019). The Philippines’ voluntary national review of the Sustainable Development Goals. Philippine Institute for Development Studies. https://pidswebs.pids.gov.ph/CDN/PUBLICATIONS/pidsdps1910.pdf
  37. Sarvi, J., Munger, F., & Pillay, H. (2015). Transitions to k–12 education systems: experiences from five case countries. Asian Development Bank. https://tinyurl.com/ytsp3a2b
  38. Scoular, C. (2020). Analysis of 21st century skills integration as applied in the Philippines K to 12 program. Australian Council for Educational Research. http://tinyurl.com/3xxyembf
  39. Second Congressional Commission on Education. (2024). Miseducation: The failed system of Philippine education, EDCOM II Year One Report. https://tinyurl.com/256h4k8f
  40. Sibanda, L., & and Mathwasa, J. (2020). Promoting inclusivity through quality assessment in rural schools. In K. S. Adeyamo (Ed.), The Education Systems of Africa. Global Education Systems (pp 1-18). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43042-9_45-1
  41. The Alberta Teachers’ Association. (2020). Student Assessment in an Inclusive Classroom. The Alberta Teachers’ Association, 4. https://tinyurl.com/3zxmzu62
  42. The World Bank & UNESCO (2022). Philippines learning poverty brief 2022. EduAnalytics.http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099000207152223103/IDU002b5536c0db4104ec3087d809906ec2eae56
  43. UNESCO Institute of Statistics. (2024). Definition of parity indices. https://uis.unesco.org/en/glossary-term/parity-indices-femalemale- ruralurban-bottomtop-wealth-quintiles-and-others-such
  44. UNICEF & SEAMEO. (2019). SEA-PLM 2019 Assessment Framework (1st ed.).
  45. Bangkok, Thailand: United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) & SoutheasT Asian Ministers of Education Organization (SEAMEO) – SEA-PLM Secretariat.
  46. United Nations Development Programme. (2024). Sustainable development goals.
  47. UNDP. https://www.undp.org/sustainable-development- goals/reduced-inequalities
  48. United Nations General Assembly. (2015). Transforming our world: The 2030 agenda for sustainable development. https://www.refworld.org/legal/resolution/unga/2015/en/111816