Development of Remediation Materials: A Tool to Enhance Reading Proficiency of Learners
Lilian Guia Burgos | Ana Marie J. Matalines
Discipline: Education
Abstract:
This one-group pretest-posttest design of the study aimed at determining the reading proficiency of Grade 3 pupils as influenced by reading remediation materials. This study utilized the purposive sampling method wherein a total of 31 learners from Apolinar Franco Sr. Elementary School, Bato, Sta. Cruz, Davao del Sur during the third quarter period were selected as the research subjects of this study. The research subjects’ reading proficiency was measured by a phonemic awareness screener employed by the researcher. The statistical tools utilized were the mean and Paired Sample T-test. Results revealed that before implementing the remedial reading materials, the level of reading proficiency of the learners needs intervention, which implies that learners struggle with phonemic awareness development. The result showed an improvement in the reading proficiency of the learners afterwards being exposed to the Localized, Guided and Results-Based (LGB) Remediation Materials. The reading proficiency of the learners was found to be at mastery level. Finally, the study revealed that the Localized, Guided and Results-Based (LGB) Remediation Materials improves the reading proficiency of the Grade 3 pupils.
References:
- Abril, J. G., Acerbo, C. T., & Abocejo, F. T. (2022). The Philippine informal reading inventory (Phil-IRI) program: A critical analysis. Budapest International Research and Critics in Linguistics and Education (BirLE)Journal, 5(4),432-441.https://doi.org/10.33258/birle.v5i4.7270
- Ali, A. M., & Razali, A. B. (2019). A review of studies on cognitive and metacognitive reading strategies in teaching reading comprehension for ESL/EFL learners. English Language Teaching, 12(6), 94-111. https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v12n6p94
- Almutairi, N. R. (2018). Effective reading strategies for increasing the reading comprehension level of third –grade students with learning disabilities (Publication No. 3247). [Doctoral dissertation, Western Michigan University]. WMA Campus Repository. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/dissertations/3247/
- Angeles, J. A. P. R., Manaig, K. A., Sapin, S. B., Yazon, A. D., & Tesoro, J. F. B. (2022). Effectiveness of localized reading activity sheets in enhancing the reading skills of grade 1 learners a quasi-experimental research design. International Journal of Theory and Application in Elementary and Secondary School Education, 4(2), 125-136. https://doi.org/10.31098/ijtaese.v4i2.1087
- Ardhian, T., Ummah, I., Anafiah, S., & Rachmadtullah, R. (2020). Reading and critical thinking techniques on understanding reading skills for early grade students in elementary school. International Journal of Instruction, 3(2), 107-118. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2020.1328a
- Ary, D., Jacobs, C. L., Sorensen, C., & Razavieh, A. (2010). Introduction to Research in Education. Canada: Wadsworth Cengage Learning.
- Bagolong, N., & Usop, A. (2021). Reading Skills of Elementary Pupils as Basis for an Intervention Plan: The Case of Don E. Sero Elementary School, Philippines. JPAIR Institutional Research, 16(1), 13-27. https://doi.org/10.7719/irj.v16i1.615
- Baldevarona, S. B. (2020). Behind the Reading Program: A Phenomenological Study on Teachers’ Challenges and Strategic Reading Interventions to Help Struggling Readers (Doctoral dissertation, Foundation University). https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.27846.80966
- Barrett, S., & Anderson, S. (2017). Quasi-experimental methods. International Institute for Environment and Development.
- Bevans, R. (2020, January 31). An introduction to t-tests: definitions, formula, and example. https://www.scribbr.com/statistics/t-test/#:~:text=A%20t%20test%20is%20a,are%20different%20from%20one%20another.
- Bogaerds-Hazenberg, S. T., Evers-Vermeul, J., & van den Bergh, H. (2021). A meta‐analysis on the effects of text structure instruction on reading comprehension in the upper elementary grades. Reading Research Quarterly, 56(3), 435-462. https://doi.org/10.1002/rrq.311
- Chang, L. (2015). Proficient readers’ reading behavior in Taiwan: The study of young Chinese readers. Ujer Universal Journal of Educational Research, 3(4), 283-287. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2015.030405
- Daniels, E., Pirayoff, R., & Bessant, S. (2013). Using peer observation and collaboration to improve teaching practices. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 1(3), 268-274. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2013.010318
- Darwish, S. A. (2014). Literacy and children’s literature: Evidence from actual classroom practice. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.11114/jets.v3i1.591
- Ditona, G. D., & Rico, F. M. (2021). Reading Level of Grade II Pupils Scaffolding for Reading Program of Eastern Schools in Botolan District, Philippines. American Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Research, 5(8), 86-94. https://www.ajhssr.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/K21588694.pdf
- Foley, B. (2018). Purposive sampling 101. What is purposive sampling.
- Hibbert, L., & Foncha, J. W. (2019). Improving student’s performance in english as language of learning and teaching in teacher pre-service education. Journal of English as an International Language, 14(2), 29-43. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1244221.pdf
- Gatcho, A. R. G., & Bautista, J. C. (2019). A literature review on remedial reading teachers: The gaps in the Philippine context. Journal of English Teaching, 5(2), 91-104. https://doi.org/10.33541/jet.v5i2.1063
- Hayiou-Thomas, M. E., Harlaar, N., Dale, P. S., & Plomin, R. (2010). Preschool speech, language skills, and reading at 7, 9, and 10 years: Etiology of the relationship. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research. 53, 311-332. https://doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2009/07-0145)
- Katzir, T., Goldberg, A., Aryeh, T. J. B., Donnelley, K., & Wolf, M. (2013). Intensity vs. Duration: Comparing the Effects of a Fluency-Based Reading Intervention Program, in After-School vs. Summer School Settings. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 1(2), 61-73. https://doi.org/10.11114/jets.v1i2.143
- Kepe, M. H., Foncha, J. W., & Maruma, M. W. (2017). Towards overcoming poor readership and building reading culture of in schools. Gender and Behaviour, 15(2), 8790-8797. https://www.ajol.info/index.php/gab/article/view/163234
- Ligudon, J., & Ildefonso, L. (2022). Reading strategies employed by senior high school english teachers in the Philippines. Quantum Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 3(2), 93-106. https://doi.org/10.55197/qjssh.v3i2.134
- Luckner, J. L. (2013). Using the dynamic indicators of basic early literacy skills with students who are deaf or hard of hearing: Perspectives of a panel of experts. American Annals of the Deaf, 158(1), 7-19. https://doi.org/10.1353/aad.2013.0012
- Matasci, D. (2020). Assessing needs, fostering development: UNESCO, illiteracy and the global politics of education (1945–1960). In Measuring the Unmeasurable in Education (pp. 35-53). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.1080/03050068.2017.1254952
- Nichols, S. S. (2014). An evaluation of a remedial reading program for middle-grade students in a southeastern state public school. (Doctoral dissertation, Garner-Webb University). https://digitalcommons.gardnerwebb.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1018&context=education_etd
- Nugroho, T., Bharati, D. A. L., & Hartono, R. (2019). English teachers perception on strategies in teaching reading comprehension to motivate the students. English Education Journal, 9(1), 56-61. https://doi.org/10.15294/EEJ.V9I1.24741
- Park, Y., & Lombardino, L. J. (2013). Exploring the nature of effective word study instruction for struggling readers: Practical applications for broader perspective of the simple view of reading. International Journal of Special Education, 28(2), 81-90 (EJ1023311).ERIC. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1023311.pdf
- Phala, T. A., & Hugo, A. (2022). Difficulties in teaching Grade 3 learners with reading problems in full-service schools in South Africa. African Journal of Disability (Online), 11, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.4102/ajod.v11i0.906
- Pocaan, J. M., Bailon, L. L., & Pocaan, J. P. T. (2022). Strategic reading intervention for left-behind learners in the Philippines. LLT Journal: A Journal on Language and Language Teaching, 25(2), 367-378. https://doi.org/10.24071/llt.v25i2.5078
- Rasinski, T. V., & Hoffman, J. V. (2014). Oral reading in the school literacy curriculum. Reading Research Quarterly, 38(4), 510-522. https://doi.org/10.1598/rrq.38.4.5
- Roskos, K., & Neuman, S. B. (2014). Best practices in reading. The Reading Teacher, 67(7), 507-511. https://doi.org/10.1002/trtr.1248
- Sage, K. (2022). Zone of proximal development. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780367198459-REPRW163-1
- San Juan, R., Philippines lowest in reading comprehension among 79 countries. The Philippine Star. https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2019/12/03/1974002/philippines-lowest-reading-comprehension-among-79-countries.
- Sanders, S., Losinski, M., Parks Ennis, R., White, W., Teagarden, J., & Lane, J. (2019). A meta-analysis of self-regulated strategy development reading interventions to improve the reading comprehension of students with disabilities.Reading & Writing Quarterly, 35(4),339-353. https://doi.org/10.1080/10573569.2018.1545616
- Spear‐Swerling, L. (2016). Common types of reading problems and how to help children who have them. The reading teacher, 69(5), 513-522. https://doi.org/10.1002/trtr.1410
- Suárez, N., Jiménez, J. E., & Sánchez, C. R. (2020). Teaching reading: a case study through mixed methods. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 1083. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01083
- Suson, R., Baratbate, C., Anoos, W., Ermac, E., Aranas, A. G., Malabago, N., ... & Capuyan, D. (2020). Differentiated instruction for basic reading comprehension in Philippine settings. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 8(9), 3814-3824. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2020.080904
- Talwar, A., Greenberg, D., & Li, H. (2020). Identifying profiles of struggling adult readers: Relative strengths and weaknesses in lower-level and higher-level competencies. Reading and Writing, 33(9), 2155-2171. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11145-020-10038-0
- Torgesen, J. K., Alexander, A. W., Wagner, R. K., Rashotte, C. A., Voeller, K. K., & Conway, T. (2001). Intensive remedial instruction for children with severe reading disabilities: Immediate and long-term outcomes from two instructional approaches. Journal of learning disabilities, 34(1), 33-58.
- UNICEF (2020). SEA-PLM 2019 main regional report: Children’s learning in 6 southeast asian countries. https://www.unicef.org/eap/media/7356/file/SEA-PLM%202019%20Main%20Regional%20Report.pdf
- Vaughn, S., Wanzek, J., Murray, C. S., & Roberts, G. (2012). Intensive Interventions for Students Struggling in Reading and Mathematics. A Practice Guide. Center on Instruction.
- Vernon-Feagans, L., Bratsch-Hines, M., Varghese, C., Cutrer, E. A., & Garwood, J. D. (2018). Improving struggling readers’ early literacy skills through a tier 2 professional development program for rural classroom teachers: The targeted reading intervention. The Elementary School Journal, 118(4), 525-548. https://doi.org/10.1086/697491
- Weih, T. G. (2014). Student-described engagement with text: Insights are discovered from fourth graders. International Electronic Journal of Elementary Education, 6(3), 395-414. (EJ1053588). ERIC. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1053588.pdf
- Xi, J., & Lantolf, J. P. (2021). Scaffolding and the zone of proximal development: A problematic relationship. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 51(1), 25-48. https://doi.org/10.1111/jtsb.12260