Home⇛Isabela State University Linker: Journal of Engineering, Computing and Technology⇛vol. 2 no. 2 (2025)

Development of an Internet of Things (IoT)-Based Real-Time Public Transport Passenger Tracking System

Joy Be B. Ignacio | Marissa P. Millo | Roderick Y. Vicente | Jirah Mae A. Tennom

Discipline: Information Technology

 

Abstract:

Public transportation systems play a crucial role in rural development, providing a wide range of benefits that contribute to the well-being of communities, the environment, and the economy. This paper presents the development and implementation of an Internet of Things (IoT)- based real-time public transport tracking and passenger monitoring system, a combination of hardware and mobile application for tracking public transport vehicle geolocation and availability of passenger availability. The design project was powered by Arduino Mega, ESP8266, Neo-6M GPS module, and infrared (IR) sensors connected to the Blynk IoT platform, utilizing a mobile app called “iRIDECommuTech” for users’ operation. Geolocation includes latitude, longitude, speed of the vehicle, and the current available passenger capacity. The system was tested using a public transport 14 kilometers point–to–point travel on a national highway. GPS transmits reliable data in 15-18 seconds, while the microprocessor POST initializes in 10-15 seconds, respectively. Result of the users’ survey was generally acceptable for performance, usability, and reliability, with a mean average of 4.20, while functionality is the highest among the system requirement evaluation, with 4.53 as highly acceptable.



References:

  1. Andrews, J., Kowsika, M., Vakil, A., & Li, J. (2020). A motion-induced passive infrared (PIR) sensor for stationary human occupancy detection. In Proceedings of the 2020 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium (PLANS) (pp. 1295–1304). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS46316.2020.9109909 
  2. Bujang, S. H., Suhaimi, H., & Abas, P. E. (2020). Performance of a low-cost Global Positioning System (GPS) module in location tracking device. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 991(1), Article 012137. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/991/1/012137
  3. Chen, R., Huang, X., Zhou, Y., Hui, Y., & Cheng, N. (2022). UHF-RFID-based real-time vehicle localization in GPS-less environments. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 23(7), 9286–9293. https://doi.org/10.1109/TITS.2021.3085824
  4. Farman, H., Khan, Z., Jan, B., Boulila, W., Habib, S., & Koubaa, A. (2022). Smart transportation in developing countries: An Internet-of-Things-based conceptual framework for traffic control. Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, 2022, Article 8219377. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8219377
  5. Hagenaars, E., Pandharipande, A., Murthy, A., & Leus, G. (2021). Single-pixel thermopile infrared sensing for people counting. IEEE Sensors Journal, 21(4), 4866–4873. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2020.3029739
  6. Husak, V., Chyrun, L., Matseliukh, Y., Gozhyj, A., Nanivskyi, R., & Luchko, M. (2021). Intelligent real-time vehicle tracking information system. In CEUR Workshop Proceedings (Vol. 2917). https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Intelligent-Real-Time-Vehicle-Tracking-Information-Husak-Chyrun/00f3b0e7352af64fb0c67c63663280f0961d0fe4
  7. Jahan, N. F., Phanidhra, P. V., Lellavardhini, K., & Sahitya, A. (2023). Auditorium monitoring system using bi-directional visitor count. International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology, 14(3), 453–460.
  8. Kumar, S., Sahoo, S. S., & Pradhan, D. (2019). Vehicle tracking using GPS. International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, 9(3), 1–5.
  9. Maaspuro, M. (2020). A low-resolution IR-array as a doorway occupancy counter in a smart building. International Journal of Online and Biomedical Engineering (iJOE), 16(6), 4–18. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v16i06.13915
  10. Mateo, J. M., Tamani, J., Embat, E., & Tecson, R. (2024). HydroNutriGuard: A mobile-based hydroponics nutrient tracker with recommender system for lettuce. Isabela State University Linker: Journal of Engineering, Computing, and Technology, 1(2), 15-25. https://doi.org/10.65141/ject.v1i2.n2
  11. Mugilan, M., & Jayamangala, H. (2025). IoT-based vehicle tracking and monitoring system. International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology, 13(3), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.61463/ijset.vol.13.issue3.118
  12. Nitti, M., Pinna, F., Pintor, L., Pilloni, V., & Barabino, B. (2020). iabacus: A Wi-Fi-based automatic bus passenger counting system. Energies, 13(6), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13061446
  13. Rahmatulloh, A., Nursuwars, F. M. S., Darmawan, I., & Febrizki, G. (2020). Applied Internet of Things (IoT): The prototype bus passenger monitoring system using PIR sensor. In Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Information and Communication Technology (ICoICT 2020). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICoICT49345.2020.9166420
  14. Shaaban, K., Elamin, M., & Alsoub, M. (2021). Intelligent transportation systems in a developing country: Benefits and challenges of implementation. Transportation Research Procedia, 55, 1373–1380. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2021.07.122
  15. Shah, M. (2021). Decentralized fleet monitoring and tracking system. International Journal of Engineering Science and Computing, 9(3), 14–17.
  16. U-blox. (2017). NEO-6 data sheet (GPS.G6-HW-09005). https://www.u-blox.com/sites/default/files/products/documents/NEO-6_DataSheet_%28GPS.G6-HW-09005%29.pdf
  17. Zohari, M. H., Hakimi, M., Zohari, B., Bin, M. F., & Nazri, M. (2021). GPS-based vehicle tracking system. International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 10(4), 278–282.
  18. Zulkifli, N. A., & Mohd Shah, S. (2023). Three-level car security system with GPS tracker using IoT. Journal of Electronic Voltage and Application, 4(1), 30–40. https://doi.org/10.30880/jeva.2023.04.01.004

Tools


Copyright © 2026  KITE Digital Educational Solutions |  Exclusively distributed by CE-Logic