Home⇛NRCP Research Journal⇛vol. 24 no. Special Issue (2025)

Ang Anyo at Sistema ng Paniniwala sa Bulacan Batay sa Digital na Sinupan ni Henry Otley Beyer sa Pambansang Aklatan ng Pilipinas

Jennifer C. Delfin

Discipline: Cultural Studies

 

Abstract:

Isa ang Bulacan sa mga lalawigan ng Pilipinas na maituturing na mayaman sa kultura at kasaysayan. Dahil dito, ang pag-aaral na ito ay naglayong matipon, maitala, at mailarawan ang anyo at sistema ng paniniwala ng mga sinaunang Bulakenyo mula sa mga manuskrito sa digital na sinupan ni Henry Otley Beyer. Hangad ng pag-aaral na ito na sagutin ang mga sumusunod na katanungan: 1) Ano-ano ang mahahalagang tala tungkol sa sinaunang sistema ng paniniwala sa Bulacan, batay sa sinupan ni Beyer? 2) Paano inilalarawan ng mga dokumento mula sa sinupan ang paniniwala ng mga sinaunang Bulakenyo? at 3) Ano-ano ang mga pagbabagong naganap sa mga paniniwalang ito, sa pagdaan ng panahon? Ang mga datos ay nasaliksik mula sa website ng Pambansang Aklatan ng Pilipinas. Napag-alaman na mayroong 116 na dokumento na may kinalaman sa Bulacan, at mula sa bilang na ito, 61 na dokumento ang may kinalaman sa sistema ng paniniwala. Naitala ang mga pagbabagong naganap sa mga paniniwala mula ika20 siglo hanggang sa kasalukuyan. Nais bigyang diin ng pag-aaral na ito, na ayon sa pagsusuri nina Liwanag atbp. (2023), malaki ang posibilidad na ang ilan sa mga may-akda ng mga artikulo ay nagsulat tungkol sa kani-kanilang mga karanasan sa pinagmulang bayan kung saan sila naatasan. Kaya masasabing hindi maiiwasan na ang ilan sa mga salaysay ay nagpapahayag ng nostalhiya ng mga may-akda. Inilahad ang mga pinagmulan ng mga paniniwala, gawi, at mga pagbabago sa mga ito gamit ang deskriptibong pagsusuri batay sa mga sumusunod na tema at diskurso: a) Katolikong paniniwala - pananampalataya at kaugalian, pagdarasal, piyesta, at pagdiriwang; b) Relasyon - panliligaw, pagpapakasal, at pamilya; k) Pagkakaroon ng anak - pagbubuntis, panganganak, at pagbibinyag; d) Kalusugan at Kamatayan - anting-anting, espiritu, multo, elemento, sumpa, mangkukulam, pagluluksa, at kamatayan; at e) Kalikasan at mga Bagay na Di-Pangkaraniwan (Phenomena) – mga hayop, astronomiya, at meteorolohikal na phenomena. Gumamit ang mananaliksik ng talahuluganan o diksiyunaryo upang maisulat nang wasto ang ilang salitang nababanggit sa mga manuskrito na may kalabuan ang pagkakasulat. Naging balakid sa pagtatala at pagsusuri ng mga ito ang ilang artikulo na putol, blangko, at malabo na ang pagkakasulat, kaya hindi na isinama ang mga ito sa pag-aaral. Sa kabuuan, naipakita ang nakasanayang gawi ng mga sinaunang Bulakenyo mula sa pagdadalang-tao hanggang sa pagpanaw. Nailarawan din ang mga paniniwala at pananampalatayang Katoliko. Malinaw ang malaking impluwensiya ng mga dayuhan. Nananatili ang pagpapakita at pagbibigay-galang sa mga nakatatanda, sa kapaligiran, at sa kalikasan; ang pag-uugnay ng buhay sa kalikasan; ang pagpapahalaga sa mga pamahiin at paniniwalang binago ng impluwensya ng mga dayuhan. Pangunahing naipakita sa mga dokumento ang matibay na ugnayan ng mga tao (pakikipagkapwa), at kung paano kumikilos at nagtutulungan ang mga miyembro ng isang pamilya at komunidad para sa ikabubuti ng bawat isa. Naipakita rin sa papel na hindi linyar, at iba sa siyentipikong pag-iisip ng mga Kanluranin, ang katutubong kultura ng mga Bulakenyo, mula sa anyo at sistema ng paniniwala sa sinaunang Bulacan . Natuklasan din na may mga paniniwala na hindi na napanatili at unti-unti nang naglalaho sa kasalukuyang kultura. Dahil dito, isinusulong ng mananaliksik ang kahalagahan ng pagtatala ng mga ganitong pag-aaral upang manatili ang kaalaman hinggil sa pinagmulan at gayundin ang mga pagbabago sa kapaligirang ginagalawan na nakapag-aambag sa lokal na kasaysayan.



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