HomePsychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journalvol. 26 no. 7 (2024)

Teachers’ Reading Strategies: Its Effect on Learners’ Reading Performance

Bernadeth Mahusay | Vilma Arazo

Discipline: Education

 

Abstract:

The study aimed to evaluate the reading strategies used by teachers and their effect on the reading performance of Grade 4 learners of Ubaldo D. Laya Memorial Central School, Division of Iligan City for School Year 2023-2024. The study employed descriptive-correlational research design to describe and test the significant relationship exists between teachers’ reading strategies and the reading performance of learners and the relationship between teachers’ reading strategies used and the reading performance of learners. The result revealed that the teachers primarily utilized remediation strategies with a mean of 3.78 and the intervention strategies with a mean of 2.80. In terms of learners reading performance, the data indicated that a significant portion of learners scored within the highest range (7-8) for reading comprehension while vocabulary acquisition exhibited even stronger performance, with the highest frequency (40) of students scoring in the top range (9-12). Further, the study found out that the learners' reading performance in terms of reading comprehension had a highly significant association with the teachers' reading strategies in terms of remediation. Furthermore, the variables that best predict learners’ reading performance in terms of vocabulary acquisition, the findings revealed that the respondents' learners' reading ability in terms of vocabulary acquisition was unaffected by teachers' reading strategies. Therefore, the null hypothesis stating that “there is no variable singly or in combination that best predicts respondents’ learners’ reading performance in terms of vocabulary acquisition” was not rejected.



References:

  1. Abril, J. G., Acerbo, C. T., & Abocejo, F. T. (2022). The Philippine informal reading inventory (Phil-IRI) program: A critical analysis. Budapest International Research and Critics in Linguistics and Education (BirLE) Journal, 5(4), 432-441
  2. Al Otaiba, S., & Fuchs, D. (2020). Intervention for young struggling readers: A review of the intervention research. Exceptional Children, 86(1), 7-29.
  3. Ali, Z., Palpanadan, S. T., Asad, M. M., Churi, P., & Namaziandost, E. (2022). Reading approaches practiced in EFL classrooms: a narrative review and research agenda. Asian-Pacific Journal of Second and Foreign Language Education, 7(1), 1-25.
  4. Alenizi, M. A. K., (2019). Understanding of Reading among Teachers and Learners: A Descriptive Study of Preuniversity English Language Teaching /Learning in Saudi Arabia; Department of Education
  5. Allington, R. L., & McGill-Franzen, A. (2018). Summer reading: Closing the rich/poor reading achievement gap. Reading Psychology, 39(1), 1-20.
  6. Al-Seghayer, K. (2019). Unique Challenges Saudi EFL Learners Face: College of Languages and Translation, Al Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University
  7. Amirian, S. M. R. (2013). Teaching reading strategies to ESP readers International Journal of Research Studies in Educational Technology
  8. Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological review, 84(2), 191-215.
  9. Bartlett, F. C. (1932). Remembering: A study in experimental and social psychology. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
  10. Brown, E., et al. (2022). Effective Vocabulary Interventions for Struggling Readers: A Systematic Review.
  11. Bonk, J., (2019). Designing MOOCs to Facilitate Participant Self-Monitoring for Self-Directed Learning Meina Zhu Wayne State University
  12. Carey, S., Zaitchik, D., & Bascandziev, I. (2018). Theories of development: In dialog with Jean Piaget. Developmental Review, 38, 36-54.
  13. Carter, P., & Darling-Hammond, L. (2018). Teaching diverse learners. Handbook of research on teaching, 593-638.
  14. Catts, H. W., Adlof, S. M., Hogan, T. P., & Weismer, S. E. (2021). Are specific language impairment and dyslexia distinct disorders? Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 64(3), 768-786.
  15. Chen, X., & Lee, J. (2020). The Effectiveness of Incidental Vocabulary Acquisition through Extensive Reading: A Meta-Analysis. TESOL Quarterly, 54(4), 956–979.
  16. Cooper, H., Patall, E. A., & Dent, A. L. (2018). Homework in the 21st century: Current practices, challenges, and recommendations. Journal of Educational Psychology, 110(2), 225-241.
  17. Cunningham, A. E., & Zibulsky, J. (2019). Tell Me a Story: Examining the Benefits of Shared Reading. In S. B. Neuman, & D. K. Dickinson (Eds.), Handbook of Early Literacy Research (Vol. 3, pp. 396-411). New York: The Guilford Press.
  18. Deped Memorandum No. 173 s 2019. Hamon: Bawat Basa Bumabasa (3Bs). Department of Education
  19. Deped Memorandum No. 221 s 2007. Monitoring and Evaluation System for Every Child A Reader Program (ECARP). Department of Education
  20. Deped Region X Memorandum No. 243 s 2019. Project Care for NorMin Readers (Project CNR) Implementation of Project CNR (ROX Program). Department of Education
  21. Deped Memorandum No. 14 s 2018. Policy Guidelines on the Administrations of the Revised Philippine Informal Reading Inventory. Department of Education
  22. Desimone, L. M. (2018). How can schools support teachers' continuous improvement? The importance of alignment, coherence, and learning opportunities. Teachers College Record, 120(6), 1-41.
  23. Dolba, S. Q., Gula , L.P., Nunez, J.L., (2022). The Reading Teachers: Reading Strategies Employed in Teaching Reading in Grade School, Philippine Normal University
  24. Dordinejad, D. (2018). Schema Theory: A Rational Premise for the Relationship between Reading Comprehension and Cultural Familiarity.
  25. Duke, N. K., & Cartwright, K. M. (2021). The effects of vocabulary instruction on reading comprehension: A meta-analysis. Reading Research Quarterly, 56(3), 509-538.
  26. Ehri et al (2019) “Systematic phonics instruction helps students learn to read: Evidence from the National Reading Panel‟s meta-analysis” Review of Educational Research, Fall 2019, Vol. 71 (3), 393–447
  27. Epstein, J. L., & Van Voorhis, F. L. (2019). School, family, and community partnerships: Preparing educators and improving schools. Routledge.
  28. Fuchs, L. S., & Fuchs, D. (2022). Dynamic assessment and progress monitoring in reading: The Fuchs Portfolios. Guilford Publications.
  29. Gambrell, L. B., & Mazzoni, S. A. (2018). Deep reading: A critical component of comprehensive literacy. Journal of Literacy Research, 50(2), 157-172.
  30. García, M. P., & Lee, S. Y. (2021). Sociocultural Perspectives on Vocabulary Acquisition: The Role of Peer Interaction. Language Learning, 71(1), 89–104.
  31. Gersten, R., Compton, D., Connor, C. M., Dimino, J., Santoro, L., & Linan-Thompson, S. (2020). Assisting students struggling with reading: Response to intervention and multi-tier intervention for reading in the primary grades. Handbook of Learning Disabilities, 125-139.
  32. Guthrie, J. T., & Humenick, N. M. (2018). Motivating students to read: Evidence for classroom practices that increase reading motivation and achievement. In Handbook of motivation at school (pp. 492-507). Routledge.
  33. Hanna, K.T., TechTarget-WhatIs.com Action Plan
  34. Hidi, S., & Renninger, K. A. (2018). The four-phase model of interest development. Educational Psychologist, 53(2), 100-117.
  35. Johnson, E. (2019). Cognitive Processes in Vocabulary Acquisition: Insights from Reading Research. Reading Research Quarterly, 54(2), 213–228.
  36. Jose, R. J., & Raja, W. D. (2011). Teachers' Role in Fostering Reading Skill: Effective and Successful Reading
  37. Joseph, L., & Compton, D. (2020). The effects of early reading intervention on long-term reading outcomes. Reading Research Quarterly, 55(2), 334-355.
  38. Krashen, S. (2019). The power of reading: Insights from the research (2nd ed.). Libraries Unlimited.
  39. Marton, F., & Säljö, R. (2022). Approaches to learning: The experience of learning: Implications for teaching and studying in higher education: University of Edinburgh, Centre for Teaching, Learning and Assessment.
  40. Mcleod, S. (2022). Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory of cognitive development. Retrieved from Simply Psychology: https://www. simplypsychology. org/vygotsky. html.
  41. McNamara, D. S., Ozuru, Y., & Floyd, R. G. (2019). Comprehension challenges in the fourth grade: The roles of text cohesion, text genre, and readers’ prior knowledge. International Electronic Journal of Elementary Education, 4(1), 229–257.
  42. O'Connor, R. E., Harty, K. R., & Fulmer, D. (2018). DIBELS: The validity of its use for assessing the reading development of children with reading disabilities. Reading and Writing Quarterly, 34(1), 23-43.
  43. Omela, E. & Martin, M., (2020). Teachers’ motivational strategies employed in teaching passive pupils. Journal of Social Science (EJOSS), Vol.6 No.1
  44. Piaget, J., (1973) Constructivist Theory of Learning and Its Application in Teaching
  45. Rosenfield, S., & Berninger, V. (2019). Introduction: Implementing evidence-based academic interventions in school settings. Oxford University Press
  46. Savage, R., Burgos, G., Wood, E., & Piquette, N. (2018). The simple view of reading as a framework for national literacy initiatives: A hierarchical model of pupil‐level and classroom‐level factors. British Educational Research Journal, 41(5), 820-844.
  47. Savage, R. S., & Carless, S. A. (2020). How can technology be used to support reading in individuals with dyslexia? In Handbook of Reading and Spelling (pp. 1-19). Routledge.
  48. Sénéchal, M., & LeFevre, J. A. (2014). Continuity and change in the home literacy environment as predictors of growth in vocabulary and reading. Child Development, 85(4), 1552-1568.
  49. Schwartz, A. (2019). Predictive Biases in Natural Language Processing Models: A Conceptual Framework and Overview Stony Brook University
  50. Schunk, D. H., & DiBenedetto, M. K. (2022). Self-efficacy Theory in Education. Routledge.
  51. Siswanto, S., Hartono, H., Subali, B., & Masturi, M. (2022). Infusing explicit argumentation in science reading activities: Helping prospective science teachers reduce misconception and foster argumentation skills. Pegem Journal of Education and Instruction, 12(3), 177-189.
  52. Smidt, E. & Hegelheimer, V. (2019). Effects of Online Academic Lectures on ESL Listening Comprehension, Incidental Vocabulary Acquisition, and Strategy Use
  53. Smith, A. B., Jones, C. D., & Wang, L. (2020). Exploring the Relationship Between Teachers' Reading Practices and Students' Vocabulary Acquisition. Journal of Educational Psychology, 112(3), 450–465.
  54. Snow, C. E., Burns, S. M., & Griffin, P. (2019). Preventing reading difficulties in young children. National Academies Press.
  55. Sor, J. C., & Caraig, M. E. (2021). Reading performance of Grade 11 students: Basis on the development of reading enhancement and assessment plan (REAP). International Journal of Research in Engineering, Science and Management, 4(8), 206-209.
  56. Tanjung, B.J., Saragih, A.,&Pulungan, A. H., (2021) The Effect of Teaching Strategies and Students’ Interest in Reading Comprehension
  57. Taylor, B. M.; Pearson, P. D., Clark, K. F.; Walpole, S. (2019) Beating the Odds in Teaching All Children to Read. Center for the Improvement of Early Reading Achievement
  58. Vartuli, S. (2019). Beliefs: the heart of teaching. Young Child.
  59. Vaughn, S., Swanson, E. A., Roberts, G., Wanzek, J., Stillman-Spisak, S. J., Solis, M., ... & Dvorsky, M. (2018). Improving reading comprehension and social studies knowledge in middle school. Reading Research Quarterly, 53(4), 367-392.
  60. Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in Society: The Development of Higher Psychological Processes. Harvard University Press.
  61. Weinstein, C. & Mayer S., (1986). Fostering Learning Autonomy Through the Use of Learning Strategies; Journal of Reading Vol. 30, No. 7, Making Readers Independent
  62. Whitten, C., Labby, S., & Sullivan, S. L. (2019). The impact of pleasure reading on academic success. Journal of Multidisciplinary Graduate Research, 2(1).
  63. Wibowo, S. (2020). An analysis of English teachers' strategies in teaching reading comprehension;Journal of Applied linguistics, Bengkulu.
  64. Woore, R. (2021). 12 Teaching phonics in a second language. Debates in Second Language Education.
  65. Yoon, S. Y., Loyd, D. L., & Park, K. S. (2021). A review of co-teaching research for students with reading difficulties. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 54(6), 772-787.