HomePsychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journalvol. 34 no. 1 (2025)

A Statistical Analysis of the Entrepreneurial Passion and Profitability of Micro-Coffee Shop Owners

Jason Rick Suanes | Merry Rose Reyes | Trizie Anne Romasanta | Sharmaine Matamorosa | Joaqin Clemente Permejo

Discipline: business studies

 

Abstract:

Due to the ongoing trend of business owners establishing micro-coffee shops throughout the past few years, this study analyzes the relationship between entrepreneurial passion and profitability through net profit margin (NPM). A survey instrument was administered to 100 micro-coffee shop owners in the Greater Manila Area to test the hypothesis that a significant positive relationship exists between these two variables. Despite owners reporting both high entrepreneurial passion and strong average NPM, the study surprisingly found no significant link between entrepreneurial passion and profitability. Notably, all surveyed owners, despite varying ages and educational backgrounds, had recently founded their businesses within the past five years. Also, a significant difference was found between nascent (1-2 years) and non-nascent (more than 2 years) entrepreneurs in regards to their NPM. Future research through various methodologies may explore the influence of other psychological factors or external variables on profitability and ultimately, business success.



References:

  1. Adomako, S., Mole, K., Franklin, R. J., & Murnieks, C. Y. (2022). Entrepreneurial passion and venture profit: Examining the moderating effects of political connections and environmental dynamism in an emerging market. International Small Business Journal, 41(2), 204–232. https://doi.org/10.1177/02662426221085182
  2. Alene, E. T. (2020). Determinants that influence the performance of women entrepreneurs in micro and small enterprises in Ethiopia. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13731-020-00132-6
  3. Andrade, C. (2020). The inconvenient truth about convenience and purposive samples. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, 43(1),         86–88. https://doi.org/10.1177/0253717620977000
  4. Ardiansyah, M., Wijayanti, R., & Sudjatno. (2019). THE EFFECT OF STRATEGIC PLANNING AND ENTREPRENEURIAL ORIENTATION ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COFFEE SHOP BUSINESS THROUGH INNOVATION AS INTERVENING VARIABLE. International Journal of Business, Economics and Law, 25(1). https://www.ijbel.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/IJBEL25.ISU-1_128.pdf
  5. Aulia, M. R., Saragi, C. P., & Simbolon, R. (2021). The effect of entrepreneurial characteristics on entrepreneurial competence and entrepreneurial competence on business performance of Micro and Small-Scale coffee shops in Bogor. Baskara, 4(1), 37–48. https://doi.org/10.54268/baskara.4.1.37-48
  6. Azoulay, P., Jones, B. F., Kim, J. D., & Miranda, J. (2020). Age and High-Growth Entrepreneurship. American Economic Review Insights, 2(1), 65–82. https://doi.org/10.1257/aeri.20180582
  7. Azzaakiyyah, H. K. (2023). An Entrepreneur‘s Character from Professor Musa Asy’arie’s Perspective. Apollo: Journal of Tourism and Business, 1(1). https://journal.mediadigitalpublikasi.com/index.php/apollo/article/view/7/7
  8. Barlow, T. (2023, October 6). How much does a coffee shop make? A concise analysis. Majesty Coffee. https://majestycoffee.com/blogs/posts/how-much-does-a-coffee-shop-make-a-concise-an alysis#:~:
  9. Bayar, Y., Sart, G., Gavriletea, M. D., & Coroş, M. M. (2022). THE IMPACT OF ENTREPRENEURIAL EDUCATION AND EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT ON ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITY: EVIDENCE FROM SELECTED HIGH-INCOME
  10. ECONOMIES. Journal of Business Economics and Management, 23(6), 1257–1279. https://doi.org/10.3846/jbem.2022.17840
  11. Bignetti, B., Santos, A. C. M. Z., Hansen, P. B., & Henriqson, E. (2021). THE INFLUENCE OF ENTREPRENEURIAL PASSION AND CREATIVITY ON ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTIONS. RAM. Revista De Administração Mackenzie, 22(2). https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-6971/eramr210082
  12. Cada,  L.  F.,  Jr.  (2022). ENTREPRENEURSHIP POTENTIALS AMONG SELECTED FILIPINO PROFESSIONALS. Global Conference on Business and Management. https://doi.org/10.35912/gcbm.v1i1.16
  13. Cardon, M. S., & Murnieks, C. Y. (2020). The profits and perils of passion in entrepreneurship. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788973403
  14. Cardon, M. S., Glauser, M., & Murnieks, C. Y. (2017). Passion for what? Expanding the domains of entrepreneurial passion. Journal of Business Venturing Insights, 8, 24–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbvi.2017.05.004
  15. Cardon, M. S., Grégoire, D. A., Stevens, C. E., & Patel, P. C. (2013). Measuring entrepreneurial passion: Conceptual foundations and scale validation. Journal of Business Venturing, 28(3), 373–396. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2012.03.003
  16. Choiriyah, C., Fatimah, F., Agustina, S., & Ulfa, U. (2021). The effect of return on assets, return on equity, net profit margin, earning per share, and operating profit margin on stock prices of banking companies in Indonesia Stock Exchange. International Journal of Finance Research, 1(2), 103–123. https://doi.org/10.47747/ijfr.v1i2.280
  17. Demir, S. (2022). Comparison of Normality Tests in Terms of Sample Sizes under Different Skewness and Kurtosis Coefficients. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education, 9(2), 397–409. https://doi.org/10.21449/ijate.1101295
  18. Department of Agriculture. (2017). 2017-2022 Philippine Industry Roadmap. https://www.da.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Philippine-Coffee-Industry-Roadma p-2017-2022.pdf
  19. Duckett, L. J. (2021). Quantitative research excellence: study design and reliable and valid measurement of variables. Journal of Human Lactation, 37(3), 456–463. https://doi.org/10.1177/08903344211019285
  20. Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation. (2019). EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT OF BUSINESS OWNERS IN THE UNITED STATES. Trends in Entrepreneurship Series, 2. https://www.kauffman.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Kauffman_Education_Attainme nt_2020_final.pdf
  21. Feng, B., & Chen, M. (2020). The impact of entrepreneurial passion on psychology and behavior of entrepreneurs. Frontiers in Psychology, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01733
  22. Fox, S. (2024, September 11). How to determine survey sample size: A short guide. Survicate. https://survicate.com/blog/survey-samplesize/#:~:text=Many%20statisticians%20concur
  23. Francisco, J. P. (2023). Bricolage and the Entrepreneurial Process in Times of Crisis: Insights from New Ventures in an Emerging Economy. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4440244
  24. Handayani, N., & Winarningsih, S. (2020). The effect of net profit margin and return on equity toward profit growth. Moneter - Jurnal Akuntansi Dan Keuangan, 7(2), 198–204. https://doi.org/10.31294/moneter.v7i2.8701
  25. Hansson, E., & Weiss, M. L. (2023). Routledge Handbook of Civil and Uncivil Society in Southeast Asia. In Routledge eBooks. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780367422080
  26. Hernisa, J., Mahagangga, I. G. A. O., & Sastrawan, I. G. A. (2023). The Phenomenon of the Rise of Coffee Shops after the Pandemic on Leisure and Recreation Activities in the Renon Area (Case of SAGA Coffee Visitor Motivation). International Journal of Research Publication        and      Reviews,         4(8),     2239–2247. https://ijrpr.com/uploads/V4ISSUE8/IJRPR16349.pdf
  27. Huss, S. (2020). The impact of an entrepreneur’s age on entrepreneurial passion : an explanatory study. https://essay.utwente.nl/81853/
  28. Kadiyono, A., Sulistiobudi, R., & Zulhijah, A. (2019). Why College Students Have Big Motivation to Start Their Own Business, but Not Continuing The Business After Graduate? Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, 197, 54–61. https://www.atlantis-press.com/proceedings/bcm-18/125910914
  29. Kaya, S. (2020). The factors predicting students’ participation in online English courses. Eurasian Journal            of Educational Research, 21(91). https://doi.org/10.14689/ejer.2021.91.14
  30. Kişi, N. (2020). Portfolio entrepreneurship and strategic decision making in the global context. In Advances in business strategy and competitive advantage book series (pp. 315–331). https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1981-3.ch015
  31. Kozlinska, I. & Aston University. (2016, December 22). Entrepreneurial experiences “no better than textbooks,” says study. Physics.org. https://phys.org/news/2016-12-entrepreneurial-textbooks.html#google_vignette
  32. Kumari, K. T. (2023). The Impact of Entrepreneurial Passion on the Entrepreneurial Performance in MSME’s At Kollam District In Kerala [Presidency University]. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/
  33. Kusa, N. D., & Danladi, N. Y. (2024). Entrepreneurial passion on the success of SME’s in Plateau State, Nigeria: The role of entrepreneurial skills. Journal of Sustainable Tourism and Entrepreneurship, 5(1), 57–74. https://doi.org/10.35912/joste.v5i1.2124
  34. Lee, Y., & Herrmann, P. (2019). View of Entrepreneurial passion: A systematic review and research opportunities. Journal of Small Business Strategy. https://libjournals.mtsu.edu/index.php/jsbs/article/view/1678/1262
  35. Lee, Y., Cortes, A. F., & Joo, M. (2021). Entrepreneurship education and founding passion: The moderating role of entrepreneurial family background. Frontiers in Psychology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.743672
  36. Luu, N., & Nguyen, H. (2020). Entrepreneurial passion and a firm’s innovation strategies. Journal of Small Business Management, 59(4), 794–818. https://doi.org/10.1080/00472778.2020.1729026
  37. Malaluan, A. Q. (2019). Performance of micro and small enterprises in the Philippine setting. Journal of Economics and Management Sciences, 2(1), p15. https://doi.org/10.30560/jems.v2n1p15
  38. Mayoshe, B., & Nuringsih, K. (2021). Understanding entrepreneurial passion among new entrepreneurs. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research/Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210805.040
  39. Mendoza, X. L. D., & Tadeo, J. B. (2023). Analysis of micro, small, medium enterprises: The cases of Singapore, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam. Journal of Management, Economics, and Industrial Organization, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.31039/jomeino.2023.7.1.1
  40. Mohajan, H. K. (2020). Quantitative Research: a successful investigation in natural and social sciences. Journal of Economic Development Environment and People, 9(4). https://doi.org/10.26458/jedep.v9i4.679
  41. Msosa, S. K. (2023). Impact of socio-demographic variables on entrepreneurship intention in the Higher Education sector. International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147-4478), 12(2), 422–428. https://doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v12i2.2395
  42. Munro, O. (2024, July 16). What is a Good Profit Margin? Industry Averages & How to Improve. Unleashed. https://www.unleashedsoftware.com/
  43. Nariswari, T. N., & Nugraha, N. M. (2020). Profit growth : impact of net profit margin, gross profit margin and total assests turnover. International Journal of Finance & Banking Studies (2147-4486), 9(4), 87–96. https://doi.org/10.20525/ijfbs.v9i4.937
  44. Neal, J. (2020). Entrepreneurial passion: The difference between expert and novice entrepreneurs in the United States. https://essay.utwente.nl/81946/
  45. Newman, A., Obschonka, M., Moeller, J., & Chandan, G. G. (2019). Entrepreneurial Passion: A review, synthesis, and agenda for future research. Applied Psychology, 70(2), 816–860. https://doi.org/10.1111/apps.12236
  46. Nurhasanah, S., & Dewi, C. (2020). THE EMERGENCE OF LOCAL COFFEE SHOPS IN INDONESIA AS A COUNTER TO AMERICAN CULTURE HEGEMONY. Rubikon, 6(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.22146/rubikon.v6i1.61485
  47. Ogundana, O. M., Simba, A., Dana, L., & Liguori, E. (2021). Women entrepreneurship in developing economies: A gender-based growth model. Journal of Small Business Management, 59(sup1), S42–S72. https://doi.org/10.1080/0047278.2021.1938098
  48. Okoye, K., & Hosseini, S. (2024a). Correlation Tests in R: Pearson Cor, Kendall’s Tau, and Spearman’s Rho. In R Programming (pp.247–277). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-3385-9_12
  49. Okoye, K., & Hosseini, S. (2024b). Mann–Whitney U Test and Kruskal–Wallis H Test Statistics in R. In R Programming (pp. 225–246). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-3385-9_11
  50. Parker, T., James, M., & Kvilhaug, S. (2024, June 19). What’s a good profit margin for a new business?          Investopedia. https://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/093015/whats-good-profit-marg in-new-business.asp
  51. Saif, H. A., & Ghania, U. (2019). NEED FOR ACHIEVEMENT AS a PREDICTOR OF ENTREPRENEURIAL BEHAVIOR: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF ENTREPRENEURIAL PASSION FOR FOUNDING AND ENTREPRENEURIAL INTEREST. International Review of Management and Marketing, 10(1), 40–53. https://doi.org/10.32479/irmm.8949
  52. Sarasvathy,           S.         D.        (2008). Effectuation:    elements         of      entrepreneurial            expertise. https://cdm.epfl.ch/files/content/sites/mtei/files/shared/mtei_seminars/2008/saravsathy_ book_101108.pdf
  53. Siebert, M. (2024). Franchise your business: The Guide to Employing the Greatest Growth Strategy Ever. Entrepreneur Press.
  54. Schulte-Holthaus, S., & Kuckertz, A. (2023). How life context affects entrepreneurs’ passion and          performance. Review of Managerial Science. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11846-023-00643-y
  55. Simon, R., & Suarez, M. T. (2022). Examining the Behavioral Intention of Philippine MSMEs Toward Business Intelligence Adoption. Journal of Business and Management, 28(1), 67–99. https://doi.org/10.1504/jbm.2022.141295
  56. Solomon, S. J., & Mathias, B. D. (2020). The artisans’ dilemma: Artisan entrepreneurship and the challenge of firm growth. Journal of Business Venturing, 35(5), 106044. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2020.10604
  57. Tampon, V. (2023, July 29). Coffee statistics you need to know for 2024 and beyond. https://hillsandvalleys.ph/coffee-statistics-philippines/
  58. Teixeira, L. (2020). The consumption of experiences in specialty coffee shops. In Elsevier eBooks (pp. 275–295). https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-814721-4.00010-x
  59. Tenorio-Mandane, M. G. B. (2020). Entrepreneurial Characteristics on the Growth of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises. Asia Pacific Journal of Academic Research in Social Sciences,   5(2),     52–66. https://research.lpubatangas.edu.ph/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/APJARSS-2020-5-005. pdf
  60. Tugade, L. O. (2020). Re-creating farms into Agritourism: Cases of selected micro-entrepreneurs in the Philippines. DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals). https://doaj.org/article/0728409d06714b0ab009d5a0357b7a95
  61. Vesalainen, J., & Pihkala, T. (2000). Entrepreneurial identity, intentions and the effect of the push-factor. International Journal of Entrepreneurship, 4(2). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/308416709_Entrepreneurial_identity_intention s_and_the_effect_of_the_push-factor
  62. Victor, A. A., Monica, M., & Danie, A. (2023). Effect of financing structure on the profitability of micro and small enterprises in Nakuru Central Business District. Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7669821
  63. Walsh, G. S., & Cunningham, J. A. (2023). Business failure and entrepreneur experiences of passion. International Small Business Journal Researching Entrepreneurship, 42(3), 283–307. https://doi.org/10.1177/02662426231194482
  64. Widani, M. A., Perkasa, I. G. T. D., Widiasih, N. L. P. S., & Yasa, N. N. K. (2022). Business Development Strategy in PT. Revolver Love Coffee, Badung Regency, Bali: based on SWOT analysis. Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6685217
  65. Wiltbank, R., Dew, N., Read, S., & Sarasvathy, S. D. (2009). “Effectual Versus Predictive Logics in Entrepreneurial Decision-Making: Differences between Experts and Novices.” SSRN Electronic Journal. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1428867
  66. Xiao, Y., Dowejko, M. K., Au, K., & Hsu, A. J. C. (2019). “Jack-of-all-trades” with passion: Keener to pursue startup in a team? Journal of Small Business Management, 58(4), 806–833. https://doi.org/10.1080/00472778.2019.1672708
  67. Yang, L., & Zhang, Y. (2020). Digital financial Inclusion and Sustainable growth of small and micro Enterprises—Evidence based on China’s new third board market listed companies. Sustainability, 12(9), 3733. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12093733
  68. Yeh, C., Lin, H., Wang, Y., Wang, Y., & Lo, C. (2021). Investigating the relationships between entrepreneurial education and self-efficacy and performance in the context of internet entrepreneurship. The International Journal of Management Education, 19(3), 100565. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2021.100565