HomePsychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journalvol. 33 no. 7 (2025)

A Quantitative Study on the Strategies used by Grade Three Students in Learning English Language

Ritchelle Salvado | Klare Ivan Congreso

Discipline: Education

 

Abstract:

The study determined the language learning strategies of grade 3 students when the data are grouped according to gender and educational program. Research has repeatedly demonstrated that using these strategies can improve students' learning outcomes in the classroom and their long-term language ability once they graduate (Soliman & Gorospe, 2024). Since there was not enough research about language learning strategies in elementary level, the researchers found the urge to pursue this study. The results revealed that majority of the grade 3 students from the gifted and talented curriculum program utilize the affective strategies in language learning, while students from the standard curriculum program utilize cognitive strategies in language learning. In addition, there is a significant difference in the respondents’ language learning strategies in terms of gender in gifted and talented program. This means that gender affects the choice of language learning strategies which was identified through a T-test. The data also revealed that the students in the gifted and talented program used strategies more often, that could help them in language learning compared to the students in standard curriculum program. The findings suggest that, teachers and other stakeholders would be able to help learners in discovering and developing their learning strategies particularly in language acquisition. Future researchers can also do more research about other learning strategies such as meta cognitive, memory, compensation and social strategies that would help educators in the utilization of teaching techniques and strategies in aiding student learning.



References:

  1. ‌An Online Journal of Pedagogy. (2023). https://lukad.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/LUKAD-Volume-3-Issue-2.pdf#page=87
  2. Atika, R. N. (2020). Interactions among learning styles, language learning strategies and gender of EFL learners. SALEE: Study of Applied Linguistics and English Education, 1(1), 67-82.
  3. Basa, R. (2022). Implementation of K to 12 Grade 7 Curriculum. Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 4(6), 615–635. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7112609
  4. Bayuong, P. D., Hashim, H., & Yunus, M. M. (2019). Identifying language learning strategies used by ESL learners in a rural primary school. International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development, 8(3). https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarped/v8-i3/6311
  5. Bhandari, P. (2021) Ethical Considerations in Research | Types & Examples https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/research-ethics/
  6. Enos, C. A. (n.d.). Noam Chomsky | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. https://iep.utm.edu/chomsky-philosophy/
  7. Fortes, A. C. G., Dy, M. C. D., & Dellosa, A. L. (2023). Exploring the Relationship Among Gender, Language Proficiency, and Language Learning Strategies (LLS) Among College ESL Students. Multidisciplinary Research Journal, 1(1), 66–78. https://mrj.sorsu.edu.ph/index.php/journal/article/view/8
  8. Ghani, M. (2003). Language learning strategies employed by L2 learners. Journal of Research (Faculty of Languages & Islamic Studies), 4(1), 31-36.
  9. Griffiths, C., & Cansiz, M. (2015). "English Language Learning Strategies Reported By Advanced Language Learners." International Journal of Applied Linguistics & English Literature, 4(5), 25-32. DOI: 10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.4n.5p.25.
  10. Habók, A., Magyar, A., & Molnár, G. (2022b). Investigating the relationship among English language learning strategies, language achievement, and attitude. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.867714
  11. ‌HEATHER, J. (2020). The Relevance of Chomsky in 21st Century Second Language Acquisition. アカデミア. 文学・語学編, (108), 241-255.
  12. Hong-Nam, K., & Leavell, A. G. (2006). Language learning strategy use of ESL students in an intensive English learning context. System, 34(3), 399-415
  13. ‌Ibrahim, N., Taharuddin, N. S., Yusof, A. M., Nazri, H. M., Sedhu, D. S., Azamri, N. M., Mutalib, H. S. A., Idris, S. L., & Zakaria, M. R. A. (2024). Systematic Review on the Role of Gender and Language Learning Strategies (LLS). Journal of Accounting Business and Management (JABM), 32(1), 158. https://doi.org/10.31966/jabminternational.v32i1.1461
  14. Kayaoglu, M. N. (2012). Gender-Based Differences in Language Learning Strategies of Science Students. Journal of Turkish Science Education, 9(2), 12-24. Retrieved from https://www.tused.org/index.php/tused/article/download/447/384/768
  15. Kenoh, A. R. T., III, & Torres, K. L. I. (2021b). Language learning strategies of Pre-Service teachers in relation to gender and personality Types. https://ejournals.ph/article.php?id=17696
  16. Language Acquisition Device. (n.d.). TeachingEnglish. https://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/professional-development/teachers/knowing-subject/d-h/language-acquisition-device
  17. Looppanel. (2025). Inferential statistics for user research: A practical guide.
  18. McCombes, S. (2019). Descriptive research. https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/descriptive- research/
  19. Niebres, B. D., & Cabansag, J. N. (2024). Language Learning Strategies, Styles and Academic Achievement in English of Elementary Learners: Basis for Reading Program Intervention. International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation, 7(10), 08-16.
  20. National Association for Gifted Children (NAGC). (n.d.). Pre-K-Grade 12 Gifted Programming Standards. Retrieved from NAGC
  21. Obtaining and Documenting Informed Consent with Signatures. (n.d.). Human Research Protection Program (HRPP). https://irb.ucsf.edu/obtaining-and-documenting-informed-consent
  22. Oxford R.L. (1989). Use of language learning strategies: A synthesis of studies with implications for strategy training. System, 17, 235–247.
  23. Paggao, N. R. T., & Aggabao, R. G. (2021). Gender, achievement, and language learning strategies of tertiary students. Randwick International of Education and Linguistics Science Journal, 3(2), 388-400.
  24. ‌Quijano, G. (2023). Assessing the K-12 program implementation in the Philippines as an input to school-based policy plan. JETT, 14(1), 248–266. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=8928334
  25. ‌‌Rimbey, C. (2019). What Is Language Acquisition? - Theories & Stages - Video & Lesson Transcript | Study.com. Study.com. https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-language-acquisition-theories-stages-quiz.html
  26. Rinaldi, P., Pasqualetti, P., Volterra, V., & Caselli, M. C. (2021). Gender differences in early stages of language development. Some evidence and possible explanations. Journal of Neuroscience Research, 101(5). https://doi.org/10.1002/jnr.24914
  27. Saavedra, A. (2016). Varied strategies in improving the linguistic competence of selected elementary teachers: An action research. Ilkogretim Online - Elementary Education Online, 2016; Vol 15 (Issue 2): pp. 723-727 http://ilkogretim-online.org doi: 10.17051/ilkonline.2016.52135
  28. Saavedra, A. (2020). Teachers’ preference on the local policy implementation of the mother tongue based-multilingual education: An assessment. Asian EFL 27 (2.2), 217-238
  29. Saavedra, A. and Karanain, F. (2022). Learners’ beliefs and use of chavacano as medium of instruction. International Journal of Language and Linguistics 2022; 10(1): 40-46 http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/ijll doi: 10.11648/j.ijll.20221001.16
  30. Scribbr. (2020). Inferential statistics | An easy introduction & examples.
  31. Statistics How To. (n.d.). Total Population Sampling. Retrieved from Statistics How To
  32. Soliman, C., & Gorospe, J. D. (2024). Learner Autonomy, Language Learning Strategies and English Language Proficiency of Filipino Senior High School Students. International Journal of Language and Literary Studies, 6(2), 330-359.
  33. ‌Sani, S., & Ismail, H. H. (2021). Assessing the Use of Learning Strategies among Young Malaysian English as Second Language Learners. Creative Education, 12(09), 2124–2145.
  34. Schiefele, U., & Wild, K. P. (1994). Didactical and motivational aspects of learning strategies. Educational Psychologist, 29(2), 103-115.
  35. Sukying, A. (2021). Choices of language learning strategies and English proficiency of EFL university learners. LEARN Journal: Language Education and Acquisition Research Network, 14(2), 59-87.
  36. Takeuchi, O. (2003). Searching for better language learning strategies: Studies on good language learners in the Japanese FL context. Bulletin of Bunkyo Gakuin University, 9, 123-131.
  37. The Assent Process with Minors | Guides & Resources | How to Submit | Institutional Review Board | Teachers College, Columbia University. (n.d.). Teachers College - Columbia University. https://www.tc.columbia.edu/institutional-review-board/how-to-submit/guides--resources/the-assent-process-with-minors/
  38. Taherdoost, H. (2022). Data Collection Methods and Tools for Research: A Step-by-Step Guide to Choose Data Collection Technique for Academic and Business Research Projects. International Journal of Academic Research in Management, 10(1), 10-38
  39. Thanussha Nair Chandran, Sujithashinni Jayaprakash, Sangeekta Subramaniam, Saudana Mery Vanathayah, Harwati Hashim. (2023). "Identifying Language Learning Strategies (LLS) For Speaking Skill: A Study among Year 5 English as a Second Language (ESL) Learners." International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 13(12), 1-15.
  40. Tabios Pawilen, G., & Manuel, S. (n.d.). IJCI International Journal of Curriculum and Instruction. Retrieved November 13, 2024, from https://e-tarjome.com/storage/btn_uploaded/2022-04-12/1649738243_12275English.pdf
  41. ‌Theoretical Linguistics | Linguistics. (n.d.). https://uwm.edu/linguistics/research-labs/theoretical-linguistics/
  42. View of identifying language learning strategies used by ESL learners in a rural primary school. (n.d.). https://ijarped.com/index.php/journal/article/view/2515/2491
  43. View of Gender-based Differences in EFL Learners’ Language Learning Strategies and Productive Vocabulary. (2024). Us.edu.pl. https://www.journals.us.edu.pl/index.php/TAPSLA/article/view/8594/9478
  44. View of INNOVATION IN INCLUSIVE EDUCATION: COMPREHENSIVE PROGRAMS FOR THE GIFTED AND TALENTED IN THE PHILIPPINES. (2024). Seameosen.edu.my. https://publication.seameosen.edu.my/index.php/icse/article/view/95/100
  45. What is a data security platform? (n.d.). Palo Alto Networks. https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/data-security-platform
  46. World Health Organization: WHO. (2019, June 19). Gender. https://www.who.int/health-topics/gender#tab=tab_1
  47. Zulkarnain, N. S., Jamaluddin, U., Mohamad, S. N. A., Fadzil, N. I. M., & Hashim, H. (2022). Identifying Language Learning Strategies Used for Speaking Skills among Year 4 ESL Learners. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences. 12(6), 244 – 256.