Baggages of Yesterday: Unveiling the Lived Experiences of Adolescents with Overseas Filipino Worker Parents
Genevive Alcaide | Angel Mae Canada | Gabrielle Ann Gabriel | Trixie Joy Garbo | Alexandra Joyce Pallones | Neil Aurthanian Santos | Andrei Gerard Soriano | Anne Christle Taduran | Hardie Gieben Cruz
Discipline: others in psychology
Abstract:
Parental involvement and financial means both play a role in sufficing the needs of children; however, it is common for Overseas Filipino Workers (OFW) to sacrifice one after the other. While several studies have investigated the effects of this on children, the emotional toll of immigration-related separation through the narratives of those affected by this remains an overlooked facet. This study explores the lived experiences of adolescents whose parents are Overseas Filipino Workers to gain perspectives from their personal sentiments on such circumstances. Using a phenomenological approach, six (6) participants were gathered through a purposive-sampling method and interviewed through face-to-face and online modality. The findings revealed that emotional and psychological effects may vary as there are positive outcomes such as acceptance and self-reliance, and negative manifestations like jealousy and feelings of misery. Family expectations, gender roles and relationship dynamics have also influenced them since comparison, societal beliefs and debt of gratitude come into play. Despite this, they are able to cope with their support systems and other avenues such as academics and social media expressions. Based on the findings, evidence indicates that adolescents with OFW parents predominantly experience burdensome effects rather than positive ones.
References:
- 2020 Overseas Filipino Workers (Final Results) | Philippine Statistics Authority |Republic of the Philippines. (2022, March 7). https://psa.gov.ph/content/2020-overseas-filipino-workers-final-results
- Abenir, M. A. (2019). Towards enhancing capabilities of children of overseas Filipino workers to sustain Resilience and Mitigate Vulnerabilities. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/348488313_Towards_Enhancing_Capabilities_of_children_of_Overseas_Filipino_Workers_to_sustain_Resilience_and_Mitigate_Vulnerabilities
- Adhikari R., Jampaklay A., Chamratrithirong A., Richter K., Pattaravanich U., Vapattanawong P. (2014) The Impact of Parental Migration on the Mental Healthof Children Left Behind. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236097795_The_Impact_of_Parental_Migration_on_the_Mental_Health_of_Children_Left_Behind
- Ali, E., Letourneau, N., & Benzies, K. (2021). Parent-Child Attachment: A Principle-Based Concept Analysis. SAGE Open Nursing, 7, 237796082110090. https://doi.org/10.1177/23779608211009000
- Aguilar, M.V. (2020). Technology-mediated parenting: Narratives of Left behind Adolescent Children of Overseas Filipino Workers. Retrieved from: Microsoft Word - MARIA VIRGINIA G AGUILAR.docx (researchgate.net)
- Akomolafe, C. & Adesua, V. (2016). The Impact of Physical Facilities on Students' Level of Motivation and Academic Performance in Senior Secondary Schools in South West Nigeria. Journal of Education and Practice, Vol. 7. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1092365
- Amato, P. R., & Cheadle, J. E. (2005). The long reach of divorce: Divorce and child well-being across three generations. Journal of Marriage and Family, 67(1), 191–206. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-2445.2005.00014.x
- Associations Between Materialism, Gratitude, and Well-Being in Children of Overseas Filipino Workers| Europe’s Journal of Psychology. (2018). Associations Between Materialism, Gratitude, and Well-Being in Children of Overseas Filipino Workers| Europe’s Journal of Psychology. https://ejop.psychopen.eu/index.php/ejop/article/view/1555/1555.html
- Ayenew, D. (2022, August 12). Ethical Considerations ~ Types & Examples. https://www.bachelorprint.com/methodology/ethical-considerations/
- Alyami, C. (2017). The Impact of Self-Esteem, Academic Self-Efficacy and Perceived Stress on Academic Performance: A Cross-Sectional Study of Saudi Psychology Students. European Journal of Educational Sciences. DOI: 10.19044/ejes.v4no3a5.
- Botezat, A., & Pfeiffer, F. (2014). The Impact of Parents Migration on the Well-Being of Children Left Behind Initial Evidence from Romania. Social Science Research Network. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2432946
- Botor, N. J. (2023). (family resilience in the context of migration: Exploring the Lived Experience of Filipino Migrants' School-Going Older Adolescent Children. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/371221007_Family_Resilience_in_the_Context_of_Migration_Exploring_the_Lived_Experience_of_Filipino_Migrants’_School-Going_Older_Adolescent_Children
- Davidson, J. O. (2011). Moving children? Child trafficking, child migration, and child rights. Critical Social Policy, 31(3), 454–477. https://doi.org/10.1177/0261018311405014
- De La Garza & Rodolfo, R. (2010). Migration, development and children left behind.ideas.repec.org. https://ideas.repec.org/p/uce/wpaper/1005.html
- Delima, K. (2022). Challenges of the left -behind adolescent children of the overseas Filipino workers. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/365730692_CHALLENGES_OF_THE_LEFT_-BEHIND_ADOLESCENT_CHILDREN_OFTHE_OVERSEAS_FILIPINO_WORKERS
- Distor, J. M., & Campos, R. (2021). The perspectives of senior high school students with overseas Filipino Worker Parents. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/363586026_The_Perspectives_of_Senior_High_School_Students_with_Overseas_Filipino_Worker_Parents
- Dominguez, G. B., & Hall, B. J. (2022). The health status and related interventions for children left behind due to parental migration in the Philippines: A scoping review. The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific, 28, 100566. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanwpc.2022.100566
- Epston, D. (2008). Down Under and Up Over – Travels with Narrative Therapy. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/DavidEpston/publication/331951518_Down_Under_and_Up_Over-Travels_with_Narrative_Therapy/links/5c948cb745851506d72243db/Down-Under-and-Up-Over-Travels-with-Narrative-Therapy.pdf
- Fellmeth, G., Rose-Clarke, K., Zhao, C., Busert, L., K., Zheng, Y., & Massazza, A. et al. (2018). Health impacts of parental migration on left-behind children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancelet, 392(10164), 2567–2582. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32558-3
- Graham, E., & Jordan, L. P. (2011b). Migrant Parents and the Psychological Well-Being of Left-Behind children in Southeast Asia. Journal of Marriage and Family, 73(4), 763–787. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2011.00844.x
- H, L. (2023). What is Phenomenological Research Design? — Delve. Delve.https://delvetool.com/blog/phenomenology#:~:text=Phenomenological%20research%20is%20%20qualitative,preconceived%20assumptions%20about%20the%20phenomenon.
- Laguna E., Valk d. H., (n.d.) CARING FROM A DISTANCE: Exchange of support between migrant children and their parents in the Philippines. https://iussp.org/sites/default/files/event_call_for_papers/Extended%20abstract_Laguna%20and%20de%20Valk.pdf
- Lam T. & Yeoh B., (2019). Parental migration and disruptions in everyday life: reactions of left-behind children in Southeast Asia. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6874285/
- Lobos, J.D.C., Juliata, B.M., & Peñalba, E.H., Consequences of Parental Absence due to Migration: A Qualitative Inquiry into Adolescent Students’ Well-being. Faculty Journal, 8, 9-18, 2019
- Mason, M. (2010, September). View of sample size and saturation in PhD studies using Qualitative interviews | Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung / Forum: Qualitative Social Research. https://www.qualitative-research.net/index.php/fqs/article/view/1428/3027
- McKenzie D., Rapoport, H. (2010) Can migration reduce educational attainment? Evidence from Mexico - Journal of Population Economics. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00148-010-0316-x
- Navarez, J. S. (2017, September 1). Coping mechanisms of Philippine students left behind by OFW parents. http://rpo.cjc.edu.ph/index.php/slongan/article/view/16
- PAJARILLO-AQUINO, I. (2019). CHILDREN OF OVERSEAS FILIPINO WORKERS AND THEIR ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE. International Journal of Advanced Research in Management and Social Science, 8(2), ISSN: 2278-6236. https://garph.co.uk/IJARMSS/Feb2019/G-14.pdf
- Parreñas, R. S. (2005). The gender paradox in the transnational families of Filipino migrant women. Asian and Pacific Migration Journal, 14(3), 243–268. https://doi.org/10.1177/011719680501400301
- PsychOpen. (2018, August 31). Associations between Materialism, Gratitude, and Well-Being in children of Overseas Filipino workers. https://ejop.psychopen.eu/index.php/ejop/article/view/1555/1555.html
- Puhze, C. (2018, November 30). Parental migration and the children left behind – BOLD. Parental Migration and the Children Left Behind &Ndash; BOLD. https://bold.expert/parental-migration-and-the-children-left-behind/
- Rodolfo de la Garza (2010). "Migration, Development and Children Left Behind," Working papers 1005, UNICEF,Division of Policy and Strategy.
- Rendeza, K. (2017, December 6). HEARTS APART: THE IMPACT OF PARENTAL MIGRATION ON THE LIFE OF LEFT-BEHIND FILIPINO ADOLESCENTS | PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences. https://doi.org/10.20319/pijss.2017.33.301318
- Sanders, M. R., & Turner, K. (2018). The importance of parenting in influencing the lives of children. In Springer eBooks (pp. 3–26). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94598-9_1
- Social Weather Station (2023, April 19). SOCIAL WEATHER REPORT | 7% Filipino households have an OFW; Most (75%) reported that their household OFWs send/give money often https://www.sws.org.ph/swsmain/artcldisppage/?artcsyscode=ART-20230419092946
- Survey on Overseas Filipinos | Philippine Statistics Authority | Republic of the Philippines. (2022, December 2). https://psa.gov.ph/statistics/survey/labor-and-employment/survey-overseas-filipinos
- Tacoycoy, J. (2023, August 29). OFW Stories: Top 3 reasons for working abroad. Vista Land International Marketing Inc. https://www.vistalandinternational.com/blog/Reasons-Why-Filipinos-Want-to-Work-Abroad
- Tesfaw, G., & Minaye, A. (2022). Impact of parental migration on education and behavioral outcomes of children left behind in southern Wollo. International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies, 10(2), 122–130. https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijels.v.10n.2p.122
- Transnational Parenting: The Experience of Filipino Immigrant Mothers Who Have Left Their Children in the Philippines ProQuest. https://www.proquest.com/openview/6ee502635d10f2da5202e1c92819ab2b/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750
- Topor, D. R., Keane, S. P., Shelton, T. L., & Calkins, S. D. (2010). Parent involvement and student Academic Performance: A Multiple Mediational analysis. Journal of Prevention & Intervention in the Community, 38(3), 183–197. https://doi.org/10.1080/10852352.2010.486297
- UNICEF (2021, August 3). The Formative Years: UNICEF’s work on measuring ECD-UNICEF DATA. UNICEF DATA. https://data.unicef.org/resources/the-formative-years-unicefs-work-on-measuring-ecd/
- Wang, L., Feng, Z., Yang, G., Yang, Y., Dai, Q., Hu, C., Liu, K., Yu, G., Rui, Z., Xia, F., & Zhao, M. (2015). The epidemiological characteristics of depressive symptoms in the left-behind children and adolescents of Chongqing in China. Journal of Affective Disorders, 177, 36–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2015.01.002
- Yip, J. W. C. (2019). Evaluating the Communication of Online Social Support: A Mixed-Methods Analysis of Structure and content. Health Communication, 35(10), 1210–1218. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2019.1623643
- Zhao, C., Wang, F., Zhou, X., Jiang, M., & Hesketh, T. (2018). Impact of parental migration on psychosocial well-being of children left behind: a qualitative study in rural China. International Journal for Equity in Health, 17(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-018-0795-z