A Phenomenological Exploration of the Dynamics of Masculinity in Filipino College Students: Redefining Gender Norms in Interpersonal Relationships
Geneva Maria Kristina Apego | Coleen Barbasa | Calvin Bengzon | Kimberly Dumas | Earl Ephraim Enagan | Jeff Patrick Hallig | Clementine Louise Laporga | Aaliyah Raymundo | Hardie Gieben Cruz
Discipline: others in psychology
Abstract:
Masculinity has always been a delicate theme. Men frequently believe that they are being tested in this perspective as they feel that the quality shows itself through the conventional convictions to stay away from any type of judgment. The reason for masculinity thinking in Filipino undergraduates within relationships is the mindset that men ought to continuously be extremely forthright and not show any of their weak side; since the public might believe that it is as well “ladylike” or “delicate” for a developed man to show any of these profound ways of behaving. In this study, six (6) college students have been chosen according to their gender, marital status, and location. A semi-structured interview was conducted, and it has revealed that through personal experience and significant time spent communicating with their partners during relationship conflicts, men have realized that they should exert more effort in showing their affections for their partners without restricting them. However, further studies in exploring the shift of the definition of masculinity in relationships on a more comprehensive level is required.
References:
- Ataro, G. (2020). Methods, methodological challenges and lessons learned from phenomenological study about OSCE experience: Overview of paradigm-driven qualitative approach in medical education. Annals of Medicine and Surgery, 49, 19–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amsu.2019.11.013
- Bella, J. 23/12/2019 bij 2:41 P. H. (2023, August 6). Character of the Filipino man. Ik woon in Merida. https://floatingcoconut.net/character-of-the-filipino-man/
- Berkowitz, R. T., Wadden, T. A., Tershakovec, A. M., & Cronquist, J. L. (2003). Behavior therapy and sibutramine for the treatment of adolescent obesity [Electronic version]. Journal of American Medical Association, 289, 1805-1812.
- Bowman J. M., Filar D. C. (2018). Masculinity and student success in higher education. (n.d.). Routledge & CRC Press. https://www.routledge.com/Masculinity-and-Student-Success-in-Higher-Education/Bowman-Filar/p/book/9781138686021
- Cabral, C. (2020, December 19). Feminine and masculine energy: Everyone has both. Shortform Books. https://www.shortform.com/blog/feminine-and-masculine-energy/
- Chalman, S. T., O’Dea, C. J., Renfroe, J., & Saucier, D. A. (2021). It’s a man’s job? An investigation of shifting (masculine) honor expectations for men and women. Personality and Individual Differences, 168, 110259.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.110259
- Drake, K. (2021, July 1). Relationship changes: Why they happen and what to do. Psych Central. https://psychcentral.com/blog/change-in-relationships-what-to-do-when-your-partner-changes#how-they-evolve
- Duffield, C. (2022, November 10). Man To Man | What Is A Man? | What Does It Mean To Be A Man? The Mix.
- Gabay, B. (2016, November 2). Kaibahan ng Paraan ng Panliligaw noon at Ngayon sa kulturang pilipino. Academia.edu. https://www.academia.edu/29615403/Kaibahan_ng_Paraan_ng_Panliligaw_Noon_at_Ngayon_sa_Kulturang_Pilipino)
- Gebhard, K. T., Cattaneo, L. B., Tangney, J. P., Hargrove, S., & Shor, R. (2019). Threatened-masculinity shame-related responses among straight men: Measurement and relationship to aggression. Psychology of Men & Masculinities, 20(3), 429.
- Gee, J. P. (2000). Identity as an analytic lens for educational research. Review of Research in
- Education, 25, 99-125. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3102/0091732x025001099
- Gershberg, Z., & Illing, S. (2022). The paradox of democracy: Free Speech, Open Media, and Perilous Persuasion. University of Chicago Press.
- Jeanette. 23/12/2019 bij 2:41 P. H. (2023, August 6). Character of the Filipino man. Ik woon in Merida. https://floatingcoconut.net/character-of-the-filipino-man/
- Kortge, Z. (2021, September 29). Toxic masculinity and the shifting landscape of what it means to be a man. Verywell Mind.https://www.verywellmind.com/toxic-masculinity-what-it-means-to-be-a-man-5198810
- Marriage and masculinity: Male-breadwinner culture ... - sage journals. (2021). https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/00031224211012442
- McLoughlin, K. (2023, July 23). Alpha Male: No One Wants These Toxic Men Anymore!. Wengood.com. https://www.wengood.com/en/psychology/stress/art-alpha-male
- Michael J. Fast. (2022, March 13). What does it mean to be a man, part 2? masculinities in the Philippines. https://michaeljfast.com/2022/03/14/what-does-it-mean-to-be-a-man-part-2-masculinities-in-the-philippines/)
- Origgi, G. (2017). Reputation: What it is and why it matters. https://muse.jhu.edu/book/64661
- Pearson, E. (2019). Extremism and toxic masculinity: the man question re-posed. International Affairs, 95(6), 1251–1270. https://doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiz177
- Plank, L. (2019). For the Love of Men: From Toxic to a More Mindful Masculinity. St. Martin’s Press.
- Rai, N., & Thapa, B. (2015). A study on purposive sampling method in research. Kathmandu: Kathmandu School of Law, 5.
- Reporter, G. S. (2023, February 16). It’s time to rethink modern masculinity.
- Scott, E. (2022, December 30). The very real effects of relationship conflict and stress. Verywell Mind. https://www.verywellmind.com/the-toll-of-conflict-in-relationships-3144952
- Sheppard, S. (2023, January 2). The dangerous effects of toxic masculinity. Verywell Mind. https://www.verywellmind.com/the-dangerous-mental-health-effects-of-toxic-masculinity-5073957#:~:text=When%20men%20actively%20avoid%20vulnerability
- Smith, S. (2020, August 25). Why men struggle with Intimacy Issues & How to help them recover. Marriage Advice - Expert Marriage Tips & Advice. https://www.marriage.com/advice/intimacy/why-do-men-struggle-with-intimacy/
- Subedi, K. R. (2021, November 30). Determining the sample in qualitative research. Online Submission. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED618228
- Vallie, S. (2022, November 11). Toxic masculinity: How to recognize and treat it. WebMD. https://www.webmd.com/sex-relationships/what-is-toxic-masculinity#:~:text=Toxic%20Masculinity%20Risk%20Factors,-Almost%20anyone%20can&text=
- Walters, A. S., & Valenzuela, I. (2020). More than muscles, money, or machismo: Latino men and the stewardship of masculinity. Sexuality & Culture, 24, 967-1003.
- Waters, T. (2022, November 22). How social pressures fuel black men’s fear of vulnerability . Love Now Media. https://lovenowmedia.com/how-social-pressures-fuel-black-mens-fear-of-vulnerability/
- Williams, R. (2023, January 13). Can men be as empathetic as women? research says yes. Medium. https://raybwilliams.medium.com/can-men-be-as-empathetic-as-women-research-says-yes-48d5de9f1bf4
- Wise, S., Bonner, M., Chancey, M. P., & Wheeler, N. (2022, June 16). The effects of gender socialization on boys and men. Counseling Today. https://ct.counseling.org/2022/06/the-effects-of-gender-socialization-on-boys-and-men/