Home⇛Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal⇛vol. 26 no. 9 (2024)

Digital Leadership, Emotional Intelligence, Leadership Styles, and Performance of Basic Education Teachers: A Causal Model

Lourdes Capinpuyan | Nenita I. Prado

Discipline: others in psychology

 

Abstract:

This study aimed to develop a causal-comparative model on the influence of digital leadership, emotional intelligence, and leadership style on the performance of basic education teachers. Descriptive-correlational and causal-comparative research designs were employed to identify the predictors of the performance of the basic education teachers. Questionnaires were used as data collection tools after undergoing rigorous scientific testing to ensure accuracy and consistency. Using Raosoft calculator, a sample of 339 basic education teachers in the division of Cagayan de Oro City, Philippines were determined. There is a highly significant relationship between the teachers’ performance and the self-management, social awareness, transactional leadership, servant leadership, digital communication skills and self-awareness, technological competence, and transformational leadership, self-management, social awareness, transactional leadership, and servant leadership have significant influence, indicating the importance of organizational skills, empathy, clear expectations, supportive leadership, digital communication skills, self-awareness, technological competence, and transformational leadership. The study implies that teacher training may prioritize self-management, social skills, and supportive leadership while balancing digital and technical skills with interpersonal abilities to enhance overall performance. The model that best fits teachers’ performance is causal model 3, which is anchored on social awareness, transactional leadership style, digital innovation adoption, digital communication skills, servant leadership, and self-management.



References:

  1. Abiodullah, M. Sameen, D., & Alam, M. (2020). Emotional Intelligence as a Predictor of Teacher Engagement in Classroom. Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1258049.pdf
  2. Abisola, O. (2017, August 22). Effective Classroom Management and Students' Academic Performance in Secondary Schools in Uyo Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State. Retrieved from Research in Pedagogy: https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1149167.pdf
  3. Abu Orabi, T. (2016). The Impact of Transformational Leadership Style on Organizational Performance: Evidence from Jordan. International Journal of Human Resource Studies, 6, 10.5296/ijhrs.v6i2.9427. Retrieved June 11, 2021
  4. Ahmad F. et al. (2014). Impact of Transformational Leadership on Employee Motivation in Telecommunication Sector. Journal of Management Policies and Practices, 2(2).
  5. Ahmad, M., & Rafiq, S. (2016). Accessibility and Usability of Internet Among University Students in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Information Management & Libraries (PJIM&L), 18(1), 37-51.
  6. Ahvalo, S. (2022). Teaching Emotional Skills and Self-Awareness in Schools. Retrieved from Hundred: https://hundred.org/en/innovations/teaching-emotional-skills-and-self-awareness-in-schools#f049251a
  7. Ali, A. (2018). Leadership Style, Emotional Intelligence, School Improvement, Plan Implementation and Performance of the Administrators. Unpublished Dissertation, Central Mindanao University.
  8. Almerich, G., Orellana, N., Suárez-Rodríguez, J., & Díaz-García, I. (2016). Teachers’ Information and Communication Technology Competences: A Structural Approach. Computers & Education, 100, 110-125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2016.05.002
  9. Barkman, C. (2022). The Characteristics of an Effective School Leader. Retrieved from Eric Files: https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1230685.pdf
  10. Bernard, M. et al. (2006). Transformational Leadership. 2nd ed. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum Associates. Retrieved March 28, 2021
  11. Bolkan, S. (2011, October 12). Teacher Leadership and Intellectual Stimulation: Improving Students' Approaches to Studying through Intrinsic Motivation. Retrieved from Taylor and Francis Online: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08824096.2011.615958#:~:text=Results%20suggest%20that%20when%20teachers,level%20approach%20to%20their%20studies
  12. Bunmi Omolayo. Effect of Leadership Style on Job-Related Tension and Psychological Sense of Community in Work Organizations: A Case Study of Four Organizations in Lagos State, Nigeria. Bangladesh e-Journal of Sociology. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Dr-Nanjundeswaraswamy-2/publication/272509462_Leadership_styles/links/5b5e8707458515c4b25226d6/Leadership-styles.pdf
  13. Cabangcala, Ryan, Alieto, Ericson, Estigoy, Edison, De Los Santos, Marianet, & Torres, Joel Mayo. (2021, April 16). When Language Learning Suddenly Becomes Online: Analyzing English as Second Language Learners’ (ELLs) Attitude and Technological Competence. TESOL International Journal, 16(4.3), 115-131. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3847103
  14. Carolina, A. (2019, June 25). What Is Good Leadership in Schools? Retrieved from Eschool News: https://www.eschoolnews.com/2019/06/25/what-is-good-leadership-in-schools/#:~:text=Good%20leadership%20in%20schools%20helps,skills%20needed%20by%20school%20leaders
  15. Chen, I. (2020, November 16). The Importance of School Leadership to Teacher and Student Success. Retrieved from Overdeck Family Foundation: https://overdeck.org/news-and-resources/article/the-importance-of-school-leadership-to-teacher-and-student-success/
  16. Child Hope Philippines. (2021, March 15). The Importance of Technology in Philippine Education. Retrieved from Child Hope Philippines: https://childhope.org.ph/importance-of-technology-in-philippine-education/
  17. Craig, S. B. (2011). Leadership in Organizations (7th ed.) by Gary Yukl. Personnel Psychology, 64(4), 1056–1059. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2011.01228_3.x. Retrieved July 3, 2021
  18. Dexter, S. (2007). Show Me the Leadership: The Impact of Distributed Technology Leadership Teams’ Membership and Practices at Four Laptop Schools. In 88th Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Chicago, IL.
  19. Dogan, S. (2020, August 26). Teachers’ Skills to Integrate Technology in Education: Two Path Models Explaining Instructional and Application Software Use. Retrieved from Springer Link: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10639-020-10310-4
  20. Fineske, A. D. (2015, May 12). The Impact of a Collaborative Leadership Framework in the Design of a School Improvement Process at the Elementary Level. Retrieved from ProQuest: https://www.proquest.com/openview/907e683f3b394592fa7f047970bff8da/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750
  21. Francisco, C. (2019). School Principals' Transformational Leadership Styles and Their Effects on Teachers' Self-Efficacy. International Journal of Advanced Research, 7(10), 622–635. https://doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/9875. Date retrieved: February 4, 2021
  22. Ghavifekr, S., & Rosdy, W. A.W. (2015). Teaching and Learning with Technology: Effectiveness of ICT Integration in Schools. International Journal of Research in Education and Science (IJRES), 1(2), 175-191.
  23. Goyal, A. (2011). Developing Women: Why Technology Can Help. Information Technology for Development, 17(2), 112-132. doi:10.1080/02681102.2010.537252
  24. Hariadi, B., Dewiyani, M., & Sudarmaningtyas, P. (2016). Development of Web-Based Learning Application for Generation Z. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, 5(1), 60-68.
  25. Jalbani, L. N. (2017). The Impact of Effective Teaching Strategies on the Students’ Academic Performance and Learning Outcome. Retrieved from Grin: https://www.grin.com/document/300046
  26. Khalid, K., Ahmad F. S., & Norman R. (2016). Information and Communication Technology in Learning Physics at Secondary School Level in Pakistan. Bulletin of Education and Research, 38(2), 135-151.
  27. Kourtesis, P., Collina, S., Doumas, L. A., & MacPherson, S. E. (2019). Technological Competence Is a Pre-condition for Effective Implementation of Virtual Reality Head-Mounted Displays in Human Neuroscience: A Technological Review and Meta-Analysis. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 13, 481367. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2019.00342
  28. Lazarus, N. (2019). Teacher Technology Competence Base. Retrieved from IGI Global: https://www.igi-global.com/chapter/teacher-technology-competence-base/213070
  29. Malcalm, E. (2017). Examining Leadership Style on Employee Performance in the Public Sector of Ghana: A Case of Ghana Atomic Energy Commission. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321310057
  30. Martinez, I., & Tadeu, P. (2018). The Impact of Pedagogical Leadership on Pedagogical Coordination in Secondary Schools. Research in Social Sciences and Technology, 3(3), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.46303/ressat.03.03.1
  31. Morales, D., Ruggiano, C., Carter, C., Pfeifer, K., & Green, K. (2020). Disrupting to Sustain: Teacher Preparation Through Innovative Teaching and Learning Practices. Journal of Culture and Values in Education, 3(1), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.46303/jcve.03.01.1
  32. Mullins, L. Management and Organisational Behaviour. Pearson Higher Education FT Prentice Hall.
  33. Mwansa, P. (2019). School Principal's Leadership Style and Teacher's Self-Efficacy in High and Low Achieving Schools in Chikankata, Zambia. Retrieved from Digital Commons: https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/dissertations/1717/
  34. Ninković, S. R., & Knežević Florić, O. (2016). Transformational school leadership and teacher self-efficacy as predictors of perceived collective teacher efficacy. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 46(1), 49–64.
  35. Pedler, M., Yeigh, T., & Hudson, S. (2020). The teachers’ role in student engagement: A review. Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 45, 48. https://doi.org/10.14221/ajte.2020v45n3.4
  36. Ray, M. (2020, May 25). Transformational leadership: Individualized consideration. Retrieved from Michelle Ray: https://www.michelleray.com/transformational-leadership-individualized-consideration/
  37. Schenker, J., & Rumrill, P. (2004). Causal-comparative designs. Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, 21(3), 117-121.
  38. Umugiraneza, O., Bansilal, S., & North, D. (2018). Exploring teachers’ use of technology in teaching and learning mathematics in KwaZulu-Natal schools. Pythagoras- Journal of Association for Mathematics Education of South Africa, 1-13.
  39. Villacorta, J. (2020, June 25). How important is technology in education? Benefits, challenges, and impact on students. Retrieved from School of Education: https://soeonline.american.edu/blog/technology-in-education
  40. Yuner, A. (2020, December 28). Transformational teaching in higher education: The relationship between the transformational teaching of academic staff and students’ self-efficacy for learning. Retrieved from Educational Policy Analysis and Strategic Research: https://epasr.inased.org/makale/1894

Tools


Copyright © 2026  KITE Digital Educational Solutions |  Exclusively distributed by CE-Logic